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UTS - New Testament Survey, Pt 1 > History, Pt 3 > Flashcards

History, Pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which son of Herod’s ruled Judea and Samaria?

A

Archelaus

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2
Q

Which son of Herod’s ruled Galilee?

A

Herod Antipas

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3
Q

Which son of Herod’s ruled the province containing Caesarea Philippi?

A

Herod Philip

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4
Q

Where is Caesarea Philippi located in relation to Galilee?

A

To the east and northeast

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5
Q

Why did the synagogue arise?

A

Because of the diaspora

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6
Q

What became a local center of worship after the diaspora?

A

Synagogue

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7
Q

What was the Jewish supreme court called?

A

The Sanhedrin

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8
Q

What does Pharisee mean?

A

“Separated ones”

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9
Q

Which was the largest sect of Jews under Roman rule?

A

The Pharisees

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10
Q

Which sects originated as an outgrowth of the Hasidim?

A

The Pharisees and Essenes

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11
Q

What class of people composed the Pharisees?

A

Middle class laymen

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12
Q

Who were the Sadduccees?

A

Heirs of the Hasmodeans

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13
Q

Which sect controlled the priesthood under Roman rule?

A

The Sadducees

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14
Q

Which sect were disillusioned by the politics of the Sadducees and retreated to form monastic communities?

A

The Essenes

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15
Q

Who were the scribes?

A

A professional class of people, mostly Pharisees, who were associated with the synagogue.

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16
Q

Who were the People of the Land?

A

The common people who were not part of a sect or political party.

17
Q

What idea undergirded the principle of gnosis?

A

Lack of knowledge (ignorance) rather than sin is humanity’s basic problem

18
Q

What philosophy believed we should suppress bodily passions because of the evil of matter?

A

Ascetism

19
Q

What philosophy believed we may as well indulge bodily passions because of the unimportance of matter?

A

Libertinism

20
Q

What beings made up the whole spectrum between the purely spiritual supreme deity and the spiritual world?

A

Aeons

21
Q

Of Hillel and Shammai, who was generally stricter?

A

Shammai

22
Q

What did Hillel believe about divorce?

A

A man could divorce his wife for any reason.

23
Q

What did Shammai believe about divorce?

A

A man could only divorce his wife for serious transgressions.

24
Q

Who commissioned the Septuagint?

A

Ptolemy Philadelphus

25
Q

What is the significance of the Septuagint?

A
  • Used in synagogue services for Diaspora Jews
  • Opportunity for new interpretations of traditional Jewish theology in a new culture
  • Increases theological words in the Greek language, which will be used in Christianity as well as Judaism
26
Q

What kicked off the Maccabean Revolt?

A

Mattathias killed a Roman officer attempting to enforce pagan worship

27
Q

What caused the Maccabean Revolt?

A

Persecution of Jews under Antiochus Epiphanes IV (outlawing Judaism, enforcing state religion, forcing people to go against Jewish laws)

28
Q

What early changes came from the Maccabean Revolt?

A
  • Jewish customs reinstated
  • Jerusalem taken back from the Romans
  • Temple rededicated in 164 (Hanukkah)
29
Q

What later changes came from the Maccabean Revolt?

A
  • Simon recognized by Seulucids as an independent ruler of Jerusalem
  • Jews are exempted from taxation
  • Hasmonean dynasty begins
30
Q

What was the significance of Herod the Great’s reign?

A
  • Expands and rebuilds of temple and other construction projects (in Jerusalem, also palaces, military forts)
  • Founds cities (incl. Caesarea Maritima)
  • Economic prosperity but taxed the Jews heavily
  • Not liked by Jews (tyrant, loyal to Romans, killed last Hasmonean)
  • Kills boys in Bethlehem after Christ’s birth - fulfilling OT
  • Left Judea to cruel Archelaus, which is why Jesus’s family settled in Galilee
31
Q

What does Gnosticism teach?

A
  • Dualism between material world and the spirit

- Matter is evil and spirit is good

32
Q

What are the implications of Gnosticism?

A
  • Either shun or embrace bodily passions
  • No physical resurrection (body is bad)
  • Immortality of the spirit, which can be obtained through knowledge
  • Angelology and demonology - spiritual beings (aeons) between only spiritual and material
  • Supreme being is entirely spiritual
33
Q

Describe the Pharisees.

A
  • Largest sect: outgrowth of Hasidim
  • Middle class layment
  • Strictly followed the law and then some, considered pious
34
Q

Describe the Sadduccees.

A
  • Heirs of Hasmodeans who controlled the priesthood
  • Considered authoritative but did not believe in resurrection of the body or immortality of the soul
  • Wanted to preserve status quo
35
Q

Describe the Essenes.

A
  • Evolved from Hasidim
  • Reaction against Sadducees - formed monastic communities
  • Even more concerned with legalism and contamination of sin than Pharisees

UTS - New Testament Survey, Pt 1 (6 decks)

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