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Apologetics > Textual Criticism > Flashcards

Textual Criticism Flashcards

1
Q

Which non-Christian writers mention Jesus within 150 years of his life?

A

Flavius Josephus, Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, Phlegon (a freed slave who wrote histories), Thallus (a first century historian), Suetonius, Lucian, Celsus, Mara Bar-Serapion (a private citizen who wrote to his son), and the Jewish Talmud

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2
Q

What are some other languages besides Greek in which the majority of NT manuscripts are written?

A

Syriac, Coptic, Latin, Arabic

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3
Q

What is the Codex Vaticanus?

A

A complete New Testament along with the Septuagint

from c. 325 A. D.

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4
Q

Approximately how many times did the early church Fathers quote the New Testament in their writings?

A

About 36K times

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5
Q

“Converted people are not objective”

A

Absolutely they can be. A doctor can give an objective diagnosis of a patient even if he has strong feelings for him or her. Bias can actually make someone more careful to report the facts properly

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6
Q

Give two reasons why the New Testament books were written before A. D. 70

A

The destruction of the temple is not mentioned, which was

1) catastrophic and 2) predicted by Jesus

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7
Q

Why is it likely that many of the NT books were written before A. D. 62?

A

Because the deaths of Paul and James, the brother of Jesus, are not mentioned (James was executed by the Sanhedrin, who also sentenced Jesus to die)

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8
Q

What is the almost undisputed date of 1 Corinthians?

A

A. D. 55-56 (Geisler and

Turek, 241)

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9
Q

When do most scholars (even liberals) date the credal passage in 1 Corinthians 15?

A

Before A. D. 40 (Geisler and Turek, 242)

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10
Q

How do we know that James, the brother of Jesus, was killed in
A. D. 62?

A

Flavius Josephus

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11
Q

What are the main sources to consult for writing history like that of the Gospels?

A
  • personal memory
  • eyewitnesses
  • written sources
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12
Q

Why is personal memory a reliable way of documenting history even forty years after the events?

A

Because memory is influenced by emotional impact, personal devotion and repetition or routine, all of which characterized the NT writers’ experience with Jesus

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13
Q

What is one possible reason why the NT writers didn’t write down what they saw immediately, as opposed to waiting years?

A

Living in an oral culture, they most likely developed creeds instead of written communication

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14
Q

List the “historical tests” criteria historians use to determine whether a document is reliable

A
  • early testimony
  • multiple, independent eyewitness testimony
  • trustworthy
  • corroborating evidence
  • enemy attestation
  • embarrassing information
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15
Q

What is important about the information given by the ten

non-Christian writers who mention Jesus within 150 years of his life?

A

Their collective info provides a story line that is generally consistent with the New Testament

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16
Q

Who are the 4-6 lines of early, independent eyewitness testimony in the New Testament?

A

Luke, John, Matthew, Mark, Peter, Paul

17
Q

What are the main lines of evidence they give throughout their testimonies?

A
  • real historical figures
  • real contemporary details
  • a consistent basic storyline
18
Q

How do we know the New Testament story is not a legend?

A

1) the NT documents were written within two generations of the events by eyewitnesses or their contemporaries
2) the storyline is corroborated by non-Christian sources
3) the storyline contains at least thirty historical figures that are confirmed by non-NT sources

19
Q

What are two major reasons why the New Testament story is not a lie?

A

1) the disciples preached their message in Jerusalem where their claims could have been easily refuted
2) some were martyred for what would have been a known lie

20
Q

Where did Jesus teach that the Old Testament was divinely authoritative?

A

When he used the OT against Satan; also, whenever he used the phrase, “It is written”

21
Q

Where did Jesus teach that the scriptures were imperishable?

A

Matthew 5 (“jot or tittle”)

22
Q

Where did Jesus teach that the scriptures were infallible?

A

“The scriptures cannot be broken” (John 10:35); “your word is truth” (John 17:17)

23
Q

Which two OT stories did Jesus affirm as historical?

A

Jonah and Noah

24
Q

Who is the founder of the Jesus Seminar and what year was it founded?

A

Atheist Robert Funk, 1985

25
Q

How does the Jesus Seminar determine what is historically accurate regarding Jesus?

A

Majority vote of the radical scholars of the group

26
Q

What are some sources the Jesus Seminar uses for their conclusions?

A

The Gospel of Thomas;
hypothetical “Gospel of Q”;
non-existent “Secret Mark”

27
Q

Does the Jesus Seminar a priori reject the possibility of miracles?

A

Yes

28
Q

Does the Jesus Seminar assume that Christianity was influenced by mystery religions?

A

Yes

29
Q

What dates does the Jesus Seminar give for the four Gospels?

A

A. D. 70-100

30
Q

What two things can be used to explain why the style of the Pastoral letters is different from the undisputed letters of Paul?

A

• Paul’s use of a secretary
• his use of pre-formed hymns, traditions and teaching pieces
(Capes, OT Yahweh Texts, 7)

31
Q

What characteristics of the Pastoral letters indicate that Paul was the author?

A

1) he claims to be the author at the beginning of each letter;
2) each letter contains Pauline features;
3) the pastorals were accepted by several early church fathers
(Capes, OT Yahweh Texts, 7-8)

32
Q

Did the early church ever envision the return of God the father?

A

No, there are no references in the New Testament about the Father’s return, only the Son; the only exception would be the maranatha passage, which is unclear
(Capes, OT Yahweh Texts, 44)

33
Q

In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for “name” had what connotation?

A

Office, rank, or dignity

Capes, OT Yahweh Texts, 158

34
Q

Where did the Philippian hymn (2:6-11) likely originate according to David B. Capes?

A

In Palestine in a Jewish-Christian setting

35
Q

Which Bible did Jesus and the Apostles use?

A 
The Septuagint 
(Geisler, BECA, 552)
36
Q

What kind of methodology did Rudolph Bultmann use in his approach to the New Testament?

A

Anti-supernatural and historical-critical; he separated the faith in the Bible from its historical reliability

Apologetics (6 decks)

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