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Apologetics > Education > Flashcards

Education Flashcards

1
Q

What is the “integrated maturity level” (IML) in early childhood education?

A

It is the proper coordination of the developmental variables in the child organism that allows it to learn at peak performance in out-of-home or in-home environments
(Moore, SCW, 91-92)

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2
Q

What are the developmental variables of the IML identified by Raymond and Dorothy Moore?

A

Affective, psychomotor, perceptual and cognitive

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3
Q

What are the general ages of childhood at which integrated maturity is reached according to the Moores?

A

8-10 years old, but can be as late as 12

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4
Q

Who developed the concept of the IML?

A

The Moores. Not the idea of maturity in education, but rather the idea of the cooperative functioning of the developmental variables in the child for his optimal functioning for the purpose of learning

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5
Q

When do reading difficulties caused by undue pressure to read usually disappear?

A

After the third grade

Moore, SCW, 110

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6
Q

Visual discrimination of word segments is well underway by what time?

A

By the end of the third grade

Moore, SCW, 112

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7
Q

Visual discrimination of word segments in children is virtually maximal by what time?

A

By the end of the sixth grade

Moore, SCW, 112

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8
Q

Full reading success requires what in children?

A

Comprehension of both the purpose of reading AND the meaning of the material read
(Moore, SCW, 114)

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9
Q

True or false: Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development can be accelerated with proper training?

A

False, the intellectual development can not be speeded up (Moore, SCW, 126)

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10
Q

What is required for the cognitive growth of Piaget’s stages to take place?

A

A responsive environment appropriate to the child’s maturity level

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11
Q

What is meant by a “responsive environment” to stimulate cognitive development during the successive stages?

A

Teaching must be in a form where the child can assimilate and internalize the knowledge
(Moore, SCW, 126-127)

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12
Q

What are children acquiring in the early stages of development if not actual formal schooling?

A

They are acquiring the potential to learn that prepares them for formal academics

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13
Q

What are two age periods of rapid learning in children, according to Raymond and Dorothy Moore?

A

Ages 4-6 and 9-11

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14
Q

What is a major shortcoming in studies of early childhood training that show positive results?

A

Children aren’t able to use the knowledge gained, it has no real benefit on overall learning
(Moore, SCW, 133-136)

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15
Q

What two things are required for a child to progress in his ability to think abstractly?

A

Experience and mental maturity

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16
Q

According to G. W. Miller (cited in Moore), what six factors contributed to academic achievement?

A

Children 1) tended to like school; 2) desired an education;
3) sensed a use for academics in a future job; 4) had confidence in themselves; 5) felt free to think and act; 6) perceived their parents as supportive but not indulgent
(Moore, SCW, 140)

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17
Q

What two factors were cited by

G. W. Miller as detrimental to academic achievement?

A

1) parental dominance;
2) deprivation
(Moore, SCW, 140)

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18
Q

What did R. D. Strom observe regarding the excessive value placed on academic achievement and the push to grow up sooner and achieve earlier?

A

It can be damaging to personal development

Moore, SCW, 142

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19
Q

True or false: much research shows that young children need continuous early education?

A

True, the question is the kind of education

Moore, SCW, 214

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20
Q

Who does research show to be the most influential educators of children?

A

The parents

Moore, SCW, 214

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21
Q

What is the most important factor in the success of home education for children?

A

The quality of family interaction

Moore, SCW, 215

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22
Q

Do parents need to be highly educated in order to educate their children?

A

No

Moore, SCW, 214

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23
Q

According to Moore, apathy and reduced academic accomplishment in later school years is correlated with what?

A

Intensive efforts to develop academic skills in early childhood
(SCW, 218)

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24
Q

According to the Moores, true sociality (proper socialization) thrives on what?

A

“Secure, independent thought”

SCW, 227

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25
Q

What is the basic factor in positive sociality and independent thought?

A

A strong sense of self worth

Moore, SCW, 227

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26
Q

Negative socialization is characterized by what?

A

Self centeredness and peer dependency

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27
Q

What does solitude provide in child development?

A

An opportunity to work out the child’s own fantasies

Moore, SCW, 227

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28
Q

Why did society begin to believe that early schooling was necessary for children?

A

Because they began to believe that the development of a young child’s intellect required exposure to a school-type program
(Moore, BLTE, 5)

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29
Q

How did people come to believe that a young child’s intellect must be introduced to academic training?

A

It was a result of Dr. Benjamin Bloom’s conclusion that, “in terms of intelligence measured at age 17, from conception to age 4, the individual develops 50% of his mature intelligence”
(Moore, BLTE, 5)

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30
Q

Why was Dr. Bloom’s conclusion unsound regarding children’s’ early development of intelligence?

A

He equated “mature intelligence” with understanding and rationality in the young child (which doesn’t exist)
(Moore, BLTE, 6)

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31
Q

What are parents giving up when they send their children to early schooling?

A

Their right and responsibility to motherhood and fatherhood

32
Q

“A sound body and stable emotions provide a strong foundation” for what?

A

“…for mental and social maturity”

Moore, BLTE, 9

33
Q

When did California lower the mandatory school age from 8 to 6?

A

The late 60’s

34
Q

When was Dr. Wilson Riles elected to the office of state superintendent of schools in California?

A

1970

35
Q

What did Dr. Wilson Riles believe regarding children and early schooling?

A

He believed children could attend school without risk without being ready mentally, emotionally and physically
(Moore, BLTE, 11)

36
Q

What did Superintendent Riles do when he took office?

A

He appointed the California Task Force on Early Childhood Education (1971)

37
Q

What did the 1971 Riles task force do regarding California education?

A

It formulated a flexible program to enroll all young children in formal schooling starting at age 4

38
Q

What two sources did the Riles task force rely upon in its final report on early education?

A

Dr. Benjamin Bloom’s conclusion about “mature intelligence” as well as the famous orphanage study of Dr. Harold Skeels

39
Q

“Every experience [for the young child] requiring adjustment is” what?

A

“…a potential source of anxiety in the child’s life”

Moore, BLTE, 49

40
Q

Who was the psychiatrist who began schooling at age 13 and finished high school by age 16, with no formal schooling before age 13?

A

Psychiatrist J. T. Fisher

41
Q

In the famous orphanage study by Dr. Howard Skeels, how old were the children subjects?

A

3-4 years old

Moore, BLTE, 16-17

42
Q

In the Skeels orphanage study of early childhood learning, who were the mother figures given to one of the groups?

A

Retarded teenagers

43
Q

What happened to the control group in the orphan study?

A

They remained under normal orphanage conditions (sterile and sad environment), causing a decline in mental ability and later potential
(Moore, BLTE, 16-17)

44
Q

In the orphanage study, what happened to the group with surrogate mothers?

A

The children made substantial gains mentally and became productive citizens of society
(Moore, BLTE, 16-17)

45
Q

What is the problem with generalizing the results of the orphanage study to all children?

A

A remedy for orphans may not be a remedy for normal children; orphans are a special situation

46
Q

Why is the Head Start program NOT a good reference in defense of early childhood learning?

A

Because 1) it involves the home more than typical early childhood education settings, and 2) even Glen Nimnicht and Benjamin Bloom (founders) say the home is better for children
(Moore, SHFH, 53)

47
Q

When do we educate?

A

Deuteronomy 6:7

And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children, and shalt talk of them when thou sittest in thine house, and when thou walkest by the way, and when thou liest down, and when thou risest up.

48
Q

Who was Dr. Frank Vandiver?

A

Former president of Texas A&M University; dropped out of school in junior high until he began his Masters program; passed the GRE without going to college (undergrad) and then obtained a Doctorate

49
Q

What is the three-point formula laid down in The Successful Homeschool Family Handbook?

A

• warm responsiveness
• close family life
• freedom to explore
(Moore, 227)

50
Q

True or false: According to Jane M. Healy, most kids diagnosed as Learning Disabled have not suffered any kind of brain damage, even upon neurological examination?

A

True (Endangered Minds, 141)

51
Q

Where is the “executive of the brain” located?

A

In the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex (also referred to as pre-frontal) (Healy, Endangered Minds, 161)

52
Q

What is the “executive of the brain” responsible for in humans?

A

Planning and regulating behavior

Healy, Endangered Minds, 161

53
Q

When is pre-frontal lobe development completed in humans?

A

Not until late adolescence or even adulthood

Healy, Endangered Minds, 161

54
Q

According to Jane M. Healy, what is the “highest” level of brain functioning?

A

The executive functioning of the pre-frontal lobes

Endangered Minds, 162

55
Q

According to Healy, how does the executive functioning of the brain appear in IQ tests?

A

It’s doesn’t, IQ test don’t measure it

Endangered Minds, 162

56
Q

What do frontal systems of the brain do with data?

A

They see that data gets used effectively

Healy, Endangered Minds, 162

57
Q

According to Healy, what are the fundamental components of problem solving?

A 
• mental focus
• putting information into perspective 
• ability to reflect on meaning
• planning ahead
• following through on tasks constructively
(Endangered Minds, 162)
58
Q

Where does problem solving occur in the brain?

A

In the frontal lobes

Healy, Endangered Minds, 162

59
Q

The areas of the brain to receive the last dose of myelin, do what?

A

They function through associations, and they process highly abstract concepts like networks of symbols that ultimately stand for real things
(Healy, Endangered Minds, 69)

60
Q

In animal studies of brain growth, what is necessary for animal brains to benefit from “enriched” environments?

A

They need to be able to interact with their environment, and not be mere spectators
(Healy, Endangered Minds, 72)

61
Q

In pre-adolescence, how is grammar best taught?

A

Through exposure to verbal language and reading good books

Healy, Endangered Minds, 289

62
Q

Why is grammar best taught verbally and through reading good books during pre-adolescence?

A

Because abstract rule systems are difficult for children to grasp
(Healy, Endangered Minds, 289)

63
Q

True or false: According to neuroanatomists, the brain seems to naturally seek out the type of learning appropriate for its stage of growth?

A

True

Healy, Endangered Minds, 303

64
Q

According to neuroanatomists, what is the catalyst for increasing brain size and power?

A

active curiosity and personal involvement

Healy, Endangered Minds, 303

65
Q

According to Healy, what is the difference between a computer full of data and a human brain?

A

The brain is capable of wisdom

Healy, Endangered Minds, 346

66
Q

According to Healy, what are the facets of wisdom?

A 
• conversation
• thought
• imagination
• empathy
• reflection
(Healy, Endangered Minds, 346)
67
Q

True or false: the IML of a child applies only to learning experiences outside the home?

A

False, it applies to both inside and outside the home

Moore, SCW, 91-92

68
Q

What are the six factors Moore identifies for school readiness based on the collection of studies?

A

1) chronological age; 2) cognitive ability; 3) a body of knowledge acquired through experience;
4) physical development; 5) perceptual discrimination; 6) a readiness to read
(Moore, SCW, 91)

69
Q

When and where did the public school movement begin in the

U. S.?

A

New England in the 1830s

70
Q

True or false: the public school movement in America began as a way of creating an educated electorate by means of taxpayer funds, as opposed to private schools?

A

False, the intent was to remove religious tradition and inherited culture from the youth, i.e. future generations
(Carson, Sections and the
Civil War, 90-91)

71
Q

What was the goal of the public school movement in America when it began in the 1830s?

A

To remove religious traditions and inherited culture from the youth
(Carson, Sections.., 90-91)

72
Q

Why were Americans in the early 19th century so inclined to governmentally established elementary schools?

A

They weren’t, child education was considered the responsibility of the parents (Carson, Sections…, 89)

73
Q

Who was a leading proponent of public schools in Massachusetts in the 1830’s?

A

Horace Mann

74
Q

True or false: Horace Mann wanted public schools to replace private schools?

A

True (Carson, Sections…, 90)

75
Q

What did the public school advocates of the 1830’s believe about childrens’ nature?

A

They believed the child was naturally good and only needed an environment within which to unfold
(Carson, Sections…, 91)

76
Q

True or false: the public school movement was an effort to reform and transform society?

A

True (Carson, Sections…, 88-91)

Apologetics (6 decks)

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