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Health Unit 1 3340 > Textbook Unit 2 diagrams > Flashcards

Textbook Unit 2 diagrams Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two Phases of The beating of the heart?

A

systolic phase:
Diastolic phase:

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2
Q

systolic phase:

A

the heart muscle contracts, blood is pushed out, and blood pressure increases.

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3
Q

Diastolic phase:

A

occurs between contractions, as the heart muscle relaxes, blood flows in, and blood pressure drops to its minimum

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4
Q

Normal Systolic blood pressure (BP):

A

less than 120 mmHg (millimetres of mercury),

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5
Q

Normal diastolic BP

A

less than 80 mmHg, is considered normal.

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6
Q

elevated systolic blood pressure

A

between 120 and 129

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7
Q

Elevated blood pressure:

A

When blood pressure rises above normal levels,

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8
Q

elevated diastolic BP:

A

less than 80

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9
Q

Stage 1 hypertension:

A

systolic: between 130 and 139
diastolic: between 80 and 89,

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10
Q

Stage 2 hypertension:

A

systolic: above 140
diastolic: above 90,

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11
Q

Stage 2 hypertension: hypertensive crisis

A

systolic: above 180
diastolic: above 120.

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12
Q

4 chambers of the human heart

A

the right atria:
left atria:
the right ventricles:
left ventricles:

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13
Q

ware is the right atria located in the heart?

A

in the upper right section of the heart;

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14
Q

ware is left atria located in the heart?

A

in the upper left section of the heart;

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15
Q

ware is the right ventricles located in the heart?

A

the lower right section of the heart

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16
Q

ware is the left ventricles located in the heart?

A

in the lower left section of the heart

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17
Q

how does the heart flow?

A

O2-depleted blood returns to the heart from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava

The blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Then blood flows through the capillaries of the lungs which is where it picks up fresh O2 and Disposes of CO2

The freshly oxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary vein into the left atrium.

from there into the left ventricle from which it flows to the atrial system

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18
Q

the first step of the heart flow

A

O2-depleted blood returns to the heart from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava

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19
Q

second step of step of the heart flow

A

The blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle

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20
Q

3rd step of step of the heart flow

A

Then blood flows through the capillaries of the lungs which is where it picks up fresh O2 and Disposes of CO2

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21
Q

4th step of step of the heart flow

A

The freshly oxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary bein into the left atrium

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22
Q

5th step of heart flow

A

from there into the left ventricle from which it flows to the atrial system

23
Q

4 steps of inflammatory response system

A

histamine and other chemicals are released at the site of the disturbance.

These chemicals increase blood flow to the area; attract white blood cells;

white Blood cells cause a clot to form, sealing off the site.

Some of the white blood cells engulf foreign particles, while others release a protein that produces fever.

24
Q

1st step of the inflammatory response system

A

histamine and other chemicals are released at the site of the disturbance.

25
Q

2nd step of the inflammatory response system

A

These chemicals increase blood flow to the area; attract white blood cells;

26
Q

3rd step of the inflammatory response system

A

white Blood cells cause a clot to form, sealing off the site.

27
Q

4th step of the inflammatory response system

A

Some of the white blood cells engulf foreign particles, while others release a protein that produces fever.

28
Q

The Female Reproductive System

A

the left and right ovaries make eggs and secrete the sex hormone estrogen.

29
Q

the Male Reproductive System

A

the testes produce sperm cells and the sex hormone testosterone.

30
Q

Monozygotic Twins:

A

About once in every 250 conceptions,
one fertilized egg divides into two,

31
Q

producing identical twins:

A

two individuals with the same genetic makeup.

32
Q

The two phases of the Cardiac Cycle:

A

systolic phase: the heart muscle contracts, blood is pushed out, and blood pressure increases.

diastolic phase occurs between contractions, as the heart muscle relaxes, blood flows in, and blood pressure drops to its minimum.

33
Q

the systolic phase of the Cardiac Cycle:

A

the heart muscle contracts, blood is pushed out, and blood pressure increases.

34
Q

the diastolic phase of the Cardiac Cycle:

A

occurs between contractions, as the heart muscle relaxes, blood flows in, and blood pressure drops to its minimum.

35
Q

Childhood Asthma

A

Most are triggered by animal dander, pollen, dust, indoor mould, or damp conditions in homes and buildings.

36
Q

The Endocrine Glands and Feedback Control
Under the direction of the brain’s hypothalamus,

A

the pituitary releases hormones that, in turn, regulate the secretions of the thyroid, the adrenal glands, and the reproductive organs.

37
Q

A complex negative feedback system regulates the production of many hormones.

A

As the levels of hormones produced in target glands rise in the blood (stimulation),

the hypothalamus and the pituitary decrease their production of hormones, and the secretion of hormones by the target glands also slows (inhibition).

38
Q

An organism’s genome is …

A

a sort of how-to manual for all the tasks individual cells need to perform in order to function.

39
Q

The epigenome:

A

a layer of proteins that packages the genome and points cells to specific instructions

40
Q

what is the epigenome affected by?

A

is affected by many things, including food, stress, and toxic chemicals.
Beginning before birth, life experiences lay

41
Q

down epigenetic marks,

A

down epigenetic marks,
can block the expression of any gene in the

DNA segment they affect.
more than 100 kinds of epigenetic marks have been found,

42
Q

In the microbiota-gut-brain axis,
microbiota communicate directly with the central nervous system (CNS) by means of neural, endocrine, and immune links.

A

microbiota communicate directly with the central nervous system (CNS) by means of neural, endocrine, and immune links.

43
Q

Ware, does much of the MBGA communication occur?

A

through the vagus nerve, which can trigger the release of cytokines in our immune system.

44
Q

he Digestive System

A

Digestion is the process of breaking food down into simpler chemical compounds to make it absorbable in the digestive tract.

45
Q

4 steps of the digestive system

A

mouth: where food is chewed and ground up by the teeth.

food passes through the esophagus
to the stomach, where it is churned and proteins are chemically digested.

From there,
food passes into the large and
small intestines, where the chemical digestion of carbohydrates and proteins is completed.

Waste products of food are stored as feces in the rectum and eliminated from the body through the anus.

46
Q

Role Overload

A

The task of managing multiple roles Some research findings regarding the stress of role overload have been contradictory; however, the overall conclusion seems to be that what matters most is the quality of a working mother’s experiences in her various roles.

47
Q

Role Overload affects

A

affects both men and women, but the increased in role overload and job-related stress in women.

48
Q

Burnout

A

Jobs that involve responsibility for other people, rather than responsibility for products, appear to cause high levels of burnout.

49
Q

why do Physicians have stressful jobs?

A

partly because of their responsibility for other people’s lives, which makes them especially susceptible to burnout.

50
Q

other jobs that are prone to burnout

A

Firefighters and other first responders are also especially susceptible to this type of job stress.

51
Q

social-evaluative threat

A

A stressor in which people fear negative evaluation by others of their appearance or ability.

52
Q

stereotype threat

A

The experience of stress in a situation where a person’s ability, appearance, or other characteristic

53
Q

work overload:

A

People who feel they have to work too long and too hard at too many tasks feel more stressed

54
Q
A

Health Unit 1 3340 (3 decks)

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