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Nutrition 120 > Textbook Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Textbook Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the role of fatty acids in the body

A

they are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting

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2
Q

Which is NOT a primary risk factor for heart disease?

a) high blood pressure
b) obesity
c) exercise
d) diabetes

A

c) exercise

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3
Q

Name 3 qualities that fat add to food

A

texture, flavour, and aroma

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4
Q

To prevent the formation of ketone bodies from fatty acid breakdown, which nutrient needs to be present in sufficient quantity?

A

carbohydrates

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5
Q

Describe why saturated fat is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

A

saturated fat decreases LDL receptors on the cell surface, increasing the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood

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6
Q

Of the following dietary lipids, what one is most heart healthy?

a) lard
b) margarine
c) canola oil
d) coconut oil

A

c) canola oil

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7
Q

What is the upper limit of fat, in grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2500 kcal per day?

A

97

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8
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what fatty acid?

A

omega-3 fatty acid

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9
Q

What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?

A

bile

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10
Q

During triglyceride metabolism, what is the fate of the glycerol backbone?

A

it is used to produce a small amount of glucose or energy

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11
Q

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.

A

liver, hepatic portal vein

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12
Q

What type of cancer is associated with consumption of saturated fat from red meat

A

increased risk of colon cancer is associated wit the consumption of saturated fat from red meat

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13
Q

The lymphatic system absorbs

A

fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein

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14
Q

A meal providing 630 calories contains 6g of saturated fats, 1 g of monounsaturated fats, and 2g of polyunsaturated fats. What percentage of energy is supplied by the lipids?

A

13%

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15
Q

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from..

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

Chylomicrons

A
  • transport lipids, from the food we eat in the body
  • are absorbed into the lymphatic system
  • are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell
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17
Q

Which enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage?

A

lipoprotein lipase

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18
Q

What is needed for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?

A

LDL receptors located on the surface of cells

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19
Q

What are the precursors for eicosanoid formation?

A

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

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20
Q

Describe vitamins (4)

A

Vitamins are only needed in small amounts.
Vitamins are organic molecules.
Vitamins do not provide any energy.
Vitamins are used to regulate body processes.

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21
Q

What is the name of a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear?

A

A deletion-repletion study

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22
Q

What are the 4 energy yielding substances?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol

ethanol

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23
Q

What term describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy?

A

malnutrition

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24
Q

Balance

A

mixing and matching foods in proportions that allow you to get enough of the nutrients you need

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25
Q

Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?

A

proteins and fats

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26
Q

Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?

A

carbohydrates

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27
Q

Choosing broccoli instead of French fries represents what dietary principle?

A

nutrient density

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28
Q

Homeostasis is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living organism. (T/F)

A

False

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29
Q

Describe the role of fatty acids in the body

A

they are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting

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30
Q

Which is NOT a primary risk factor for heart disease?a) high blood pressureb) obesityc) exercise d) diabetes

A

c) exercise

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31
Q

Name 3 qualities that fat add to food

A

texture, flavour, and aroma

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32
Q

To prevent the formation of ketone bodies from fatty acid breakdown, which nutrient needs to be present in sufficient quantity?

A

carbohydrates

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33
Q

Describe why saturated fat is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

A

saturated fat decreases LDL receptors on the cell surface, increasing the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood

34
Q

Of the following dietary lipids, what one is most heart healthy?a) lardb) margarinec) canola oild) coconut oil

A

c) canola oil

35
Q

What is the upper limit of fat, in grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2500 kcal per day?

A

97

36
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what fatty acid?

A

omega-3 fatty acid

37
Q

What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?

A

bile

38
Q

During triglyceride metabolism, what is the fate of the glycerol backbone?

A

it is used to produce a small amount of glucose or energy

39
Q

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.

A

liver, hepatic portal vein

40
Q

What type of cancer is associated with consumption of saturated fat from red meat

A

increased risk of colon cancer is associated wit the consumption of saturated fat from red meat

41
Q

The lymphatic system absorbs

A

fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein

42
Q

A meal providing 630 calories contains 6g of saturated fats, 1 g of monounsaturated fats, and 2g of polyunsaturated fats. What percentage of energy is supplied by the lipids?

A

13%

43
Q

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from..

A

cholesterol

44
Q

Chylomicrons

A

NAME?

45
Q

Which enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage?

A

lipoprotein lipase

46
Q

What is needed for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?

A

LDL receptors located on the surface of cells

47
Q

What are the precursors for eicosanoid formation?

A

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

48
Q

Describe vitamins (4)

A

Vitamins are only needed in small amounts.Vitamins are organic molecules.Vitamins do not provide any energy.Vitamins are used to regulate body processes.

49
Q

What is the name of a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear?

A

A deletion-repletion study

50
Q

What are the 4 energy yielding substances?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol (ethanol)

51
Q

What term describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy?

A

malnutrition

52
Q

Balance

A

mixing and matching foods in proportions that allow you to get enough of the nutrients you need

53
Q

Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?

A

proteins and fats

54
Q

Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?

A

carbohydrates

55
Q

Choosing broccoli instead of French fries represents what dietary principle?

A

nutrient density

56
Q

Homeostasis is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living organism. (T/F)

A

FALSE

57
Q

After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.

A

Liver, hepatic portal vein.

58
Q

What are the roles of essential fatty acids in the body? (2)

A

They are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting.

59
Q

Amino acids, simple sugars, and water soluble products are absorbed into capillaries that are part of what system?

A

Hepatic portal circulation.

60
Q

True or False: Decreased risk of breast cancer is associated with the consumption of trans fat.

A

False.

61
Q

True or False: Increased risk of colon cancer is associated with the consumption of saturated fat from red meat.

A

True.

62
Q

What does the lymphatic system absorb?

A

Fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein.

63
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?

A

Omega-3 fatty acid.

64
Q

Linoleic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?

A

Omega-6 fatty acid.

65
Q

Oleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?

A

Omega-9 fatty acid.

66
Q

What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?

A

Bile.

67
Q

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from _____.

A

Cholesterol.

68
Q

______ transport lipids from the food eaten in the body, are absorbed into the lymphatic system, and are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell.

A

Chylomicrons.

69
Q

What enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or storage?

A

Lipoprotein lipase.

70
Q

What is needed for cells to take up low density lipoproteins?

A

LDL receptors located on the surface of cells.

71
Q

The precursors for eicosanoid formation are:

A

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

72
Q

What is the name given to the small intestine protrusions that participate in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?

A

Villi.

73
Q

The oxidation of LDLs: (3)

A
  1. Recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site2. Increases inflammation3. Causes the formation of foam cells
74
Q

A strong correlation exists for colon can and diets that are:

A

High in animal fats.

75
Q

What are the DRI for fat?

A

20-35% of total calories.

76
Q

True or false: an obese person will tend to have higher levels of VLDLS in the blood compared to a lean person.

A

True.

77
Q

True or false: an obese person will tend to have lower levels of VLDLs in the blood compared to a lean person.

A

False.

78
Q

True or false: high fat diets provide satiety and lead to people eating less.

A

False, low fat diets tend to provide more satiety than high fat diets.

79
Q

Coconut oil is a rich source of what three fatty acids?

A

12:0, 14:0, and 16:0.

80
Q

What fatty acid is found in high levels of flax seeds and walnuts?

A

18:3n-3

81
Q

What accessory organs release their secretions into the GI tract?

A

The gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.

Nutrition 120 (16 decks)

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