Textbook Quiz Questions Flashcards
Describe the role of fatty acids in the body
they are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting
Which is NOT a primary risk factor for heart disease?
a) high blood pressure
b) obesity
c) exercise
d) diabetes
c) exercise
Name 3 qualities that fat add to food
texture, flavour, and aroma
To prevent the formation of ketone bodies from fatty acid breakdown, which nutrient needs to be present in sufficient quantity?
carbohydrates
Describe why saturated fat is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
saturated fat decreases LDL receptors on the cell surface, increasing the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood
Of the following dietary lipids, what one is most heart healthy?
a) lard
b) margarine
c) canola oil
d) coconut oil
c) canola oil
What is the upper limit of fat, in grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2500 kcal per day?
97
Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what fatty acid?
omega-3 fatty acid
What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?
bile
During triglyceride metabolism, what is the fate of the glycerol backbone?
it is used to produce a small amount of glucose or energy
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.
liver, hepatic portal vein
What type of cancer is associated with consumption of saturated fat from red meat
increased risk of colon cancer is associated wit the consumption of saturated fat from red meat
The lymphatic system absorbs
fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein
A meal providing 630 calories contains 6g of saturated fats, 1 g of monounsaturated fats, and 2g of polyunsaturated fats. What percentage of energy is supplied by the lipids?
13%
Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from..
cholesterol
Chylomicrons
- transport lipids, from the food we eat in the body
- are absorbed into the lymphatic system
- are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell
Which enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage?
lipoprotein lipase
What is needed for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?
LDL receptors located on the surface of cells
What are the precursors for eicosanoid formation?
omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
Describe vitamins (4)
Vitamins are only needed in small amounts.
Vitamins are organic molecules.
Vitamins do not provide any energy.
Vitamins are used to regulate body processes.
What is the name of a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear?
A deletion-repletion study
What are the 4 energy yielding substances?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol
ethanol
What term describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy?
malnutrition
Balance
mixing and matching foods in proportions that allow you to get enough of the nutrients you need
Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?
proteins and fats
Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?
carbohydrates
Choosing broccoli instead of French fries represents what dietary principle?
nutrient density
Homeostasis is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living organism. (T/F)
False
Describe the role of fatty acids in the body
they are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting
Which is NOT a primary risk factor for heart disease?a) high blood pressureb) obesityc) exercise d) diabetes
c) exercise
Name 3 qualities that fat add to food
texture, flavour, and aroma
To prevent the formation of ketone bodies from fatty acid breakdown, which nutrient needs to be present in sufficient quantity?
carbohydrates
Describe why saturated fat is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
saturated fat decreases LDL receptors on the cell surface, increasing the levels of LDL cholesterol in the blood
Of the following dietary lipids, what one is most heart healthy?a) lardb) margarinec) canola oild) coconut oil
c) canola oil
What is the upper limit of fat, in grams, that should be consumed by a healthy person requiring 2500 kcal per day?
97
Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what fatty acid?
omega-3 fatty acid
What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?
bile
During triglyceride metabolism, what is the fate of the glycerol backbone?
it is used to produce a small amount of glucose or energy
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.
liver, hepatic portal vein
What type of cancer is associated with consumption of saturated fat from red meat
increased risk of colon cancer is associated wit the consumption of saturated fat from red meat
The lymphatic system absorbs
fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein
A meal providing 630 calories contains 6g of saturated fats, 1 g of monounsaturated fats, and 2g of polyunsaturated fats. What percentage of energy is supplied by the lipids?
13%
Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from..
cholesterol
Chylomicrons
NAME?
Which enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or for storage?
lipoprotein lipase
What is needed for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?
LDL receptors located on the surface of cells
What are the precursors for eicosanoid formation?
omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
Describe vitamins (4)
Vitamins are only needed in small amounts.Vitamins are organic molecules.Vitamins do not provide any energy.Vitamins are used to regulate body processes.
What is the name of a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear, and then adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear?
A deletion-repletion study
What are the 4 energy yielding substances?
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and alcohol (ethanol)
What term describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy?
malnutrition
Balance
mixing and matching foods in proportions that allow you to get enough of the nutrients you need
Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?
proteins and fats
Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?
carbohydrates
Choosing broccoli instead of French fries represents what dietary principle?
nutrient density
Homeostasis is the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in a living organism. (T/F)
FALSE
After water soluble nutrients are absorbed, they are carried to the _____ through the ______.
Liver, hepatic portal vein.
What are the roles of essential fatty acids in the body? (2)
They are regulators of inflammation and blood clotting.
Amino acids, simple sugars, and water soluble products are absorbed into capillaries that are part of what system?
Hepatic portal circulation.
True or False: Decreased risk of breast cancer is associated with the consumption of trans fat.
False.
True or False: Increased risk of colon cancer is associated with the consumption of saturated fat from red meat.
True.
What does the lymphatic system absorb?
Fat soluble nutrients too large to be absorbed into the portal vein.
Alpha-linolenic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-3 fatty acid.
Linoleic acid is an example of what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-6 fatty acid.
Oleic acid is what kind of fatty acid?
Omega-9 fatty acid.
What substance is released into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat?
Bile.
Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from _____.
Cholesterol.
______ transport lipids from the food eaten in the body, are absorbed into the lymphatic system, and are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell.
Chylomicrons.
What enzyme promotes the uptake of fatty acids and glycerol by cells to be used as fuel or storage?
Lipoprotein lipase.
What is needed for cells to take up low density lipoproteins?
LDL receptors located on the surface of cells.
The precursors for eicosanoid formation are:
omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
What is the name given to the small intestine protrusions that participate in the digestion and absorption of nutrients?
Villi.
The oxidation of LDLs: (3)
- Recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site2. Increases inflammation3. Causes the formation of foam cells
A strong correlation exists for colon can and diets that are:
High in animal fats.
What are the DRI for fat?
20-35% of total calories.
True or false: an obese person will tend to have higher levels of VLDLS in the blood compared to a lean person.
True.
True or false: an obese person will tend to have lower levels of VLDLs in the blood compared to a lean person.
False.
True or false: high fat diets provide satiety and lead to people eating less.
False, low fat diets tend to provide more satiety than high fat diets.
Coconut oil is a rich source of what three fatty acids?
12:0, 14:0, and 16:0.
What fatty acid is found in high levels of flax seeds and walnuts?
18:3n-3
What accessory organs release their secretions into the GI tract?
The gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.
