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Nutrition 120 > Nutrition Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Nutrition Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Nutrition

A

A science that studies the interactions that occur between living organisms and food.

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2
Q

Define Nutrients

A

Chemical substances in foods that provide energy and structure and help regulate body processes.

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3
Q

What are Processed Foods?

A

Foods that have been specially treated or changed from their natural state.

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4
Q

What is the Canadian Community Health Survey?

A

This is a comprehensive survey of health-related issues, including the eating habits of 35,000 Canadians, that was begun in 2000 and continues to collect data annually.

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5
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Nutrients that must be provided in the diet because the body either cannot make them or cannot make them in sufficient quantities to satisfy the needs of the body.

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6
Q

What are Fortified Foods?

A

Foods to which one or more nutrients have been added, typically to replace nutrient losses during processing or to prevent known inadequacies in the average diet.

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7
Q

What are Natural Health Products?

A

Are a category of products regulated by Health Canada that include vitamin and mineral supplements, amino acids, fatty acids, probiotics, herbal remedies, and homeopathic and other traditional medicines. They occupy a middle ground between foods and drugs.

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8
Q

What are Phytochemicals?

A

Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting benefits.

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9
Q

What are Zoochemicals?

A

Substances found in animal foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting benefits.

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10
Q

What are Energy Yielding Nutrients? List the three energy yielding nutrients.

A

Nutrients that can be metabolized to provide energy in the body. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are the energy yielding nutrients. Alcohol also provides energy but is not a nutrient.

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11
Q

What are Macronutrients and what do they include?

A

Nutrients needed by the body in large doses, which includes water, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

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12
Q

What are Micronutrients and what do they include?

A

Nutrients needed by the body in small quantities, they include vitamins and minerals.

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13
Q

What are Organic Molecules?

A

Those containing carbon-hydrogen bonds. Vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are organic molecules.

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14
Q

What are Inorganic Molecules?

A

Those that do not contain a carbon-hydrogen bond. Water and minerals are inorganic molecules.

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15
Q

What is a Kilocalorie?

A

The unit of heat that is used to express the amount of energy provided by foods. The amount of heat required to raise one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.

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16
Q

What is a Kilojoule?

A

A unit of work that can be used to describe the energy intake and energy output.

17
Q

How many Kilocalories/gram and Kilojoules/gram do Carbohydrates have?

A

4 kcal/gram and 16.7 kjoule/gram.

18
Q

How many Kilocalories/gram and Kilojoules/gram do Proteins have?

A

4 kcal/gram and 16.7 kjoule/gram.

19
Q

How many Kilocalories/gram and Kilojoules/gram do Lipids have?

A

9 kcal/gram and 37.6 kjoule/gram.

20
Q

How many Kilocalories/gram and Kilojoules/gram does Alcohol have?

A

7 kcal/gram and 29.3 kjoule/gram.

21
Q

What is a legume? What are some examples? (5)

A

The starchy seeds of plants belonging to the pea family. Includes peanuts, lentils, soybeans, beans, and peas.

22
Q

What are the three functions of nutrients?

A
  1. Providing Energy 2. Forming Structures 3. Regulating Body Processes
23
Q

Define Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism.

24
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

A physiological state in which a stable internal body environment in maintained.

25
Q

Define Malnutrition

A

Any condition resulting from an energy or nutrient intake that is either above or below optimal levels.

26
Q

Define Undernutrition

A

Any condition resulting from an energy or nutrient intake that is below the level of nutritional needs.

27
Q

Define Overnutrition

A

Poor nutritional status resulting from an energy or nutrient intake in excess of that which is optimal for health.

28
Q

What nutrients help with energy? (3)

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

29
Q

What nutrients help with structure? (3)

A

Lipids, proteins, and minerals.

30
Q

What nutrients help maintain body regulation? (6)

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals.

31
Q

Define Genes

A

Units of a larger molecule called DNA that are responsible for inherited traits.

32
Q

What are nutritional genomics or nutrigenomics?

A

The study of how diet affects our genes and how individual genetic variation can affect the impact of nutrients or other food components on health.

33
Q

What factors affect food choices? (7)

A
  1. Availability2. Cultural and Family Background3. Social Acceptability 4. Personal Preference 5. Psychological and Emotional Factors6. Health Concerns7. Media
34
Q

What is adequacy?

A

A state in which there is sufficient amount of a nutrient or nutrients in the diet to maintain health.

35
Q

Define Nutrient Density

A

An evaluation of the nutrient content of a food in comparison to the kcalories it provides.

36
Q

What five factors are important in choosing a healthy diet?

A
  1. Adequacy and nutrient density2. Eat a variety of foods3. Balance your choices4. Everything in moderation 5. Ensuring Kcalorie control
37
Q

What is Portion Distortion?

A

The increase in portion sizes for typical restaurant and snack foods, observed over the last 40 years.

38
Q

What are the nine essential amino acids?

A

Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryotophan, and valine.

Nutrition 120 (16 decks)

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