Textbook Glossary Terms Flashcards
1-2-3 dough
A pastry dough made of one part sugar, two parts fat, and three parts flour, by weight.
Absorption
The amount of water a flour can take up and hold while being made into a simple dough. Absorption is based on a predetermined standard dough consistency or stiffness; expressed as a percentage of the weight of flour.
Active dry yeast
A dry, granular form of yeast that must normally be rehydrated before using.
Aerobic
Requiring oxygen to live and grow; ex. some bacteria
Air cell
A tiny bubble of air, created by creaming or foaming, that assists in leavening a dough or batter
Allergen
A substance that triggers an allergic reaction
All-purpose flour
Flour formulated to be slightly weaker than bread flour so it also can be used for some pastries
Allumette
French for “matchstick”; any puff pastry item made in thin sticks or strips
Almond paste
A mixture of finely ground almonds and sugar
Amylase
An enzyme in flour that breaks down starches into simple sugars
Anaerobic
Requiring an absence of oxygen to live and grow ex. some bacteria
Anaphylaxis
A sudden and severe allergic reaction of the immune system
Angel food cake
A type of cake made of meringue (egg whites and sugar) and flour
Angel food method
A type of cake-mixing method that involves folding a mixture of flour and sugar into a meringue
Apple charlotte
A dessert of apples cut up and baked in a mold lined with bread slices
AP Weight
As purchased; the weight of an item before trimming
Artisan bread
Bread made by a skilled manual worker; usually refers to handmade breads made using traditional methods and with natural ingredients only
Ash
The mineral content of flour; expressed as a percentage of the total weight
Autolyse
A resting period early in the mixing procedure of yeast doughs during which the flour fully absorbs the water
Baba
A type of yeast bread or cake that is soaked in syrup
Babka
A type of sweet yeast bread or coffee cake
Bagel
A ring-shaped lean yeast dough product made from a very stiff dough
Bagged
A cookie makeup method in which the dough is shaped and deposited on the pan or sheet using a pastry bag
Baked Alaska
A dessert consisting of ice cream on a sponge cake base, covered with meringue and browned in the oven