Study Guide Review Flashcards
What are the 3 phases of mixing in the production of dough?
- Combining Ingredients (Pick Up Stage)
- Forming the Dough (Clean Up Stage)
- Developing the Dough (Final Stage)
How much bench time does a cake donut need before frying?
15 min
List 5 ways you can extend the shelf life of your fry oil?
~ Use good quality, flavourless fat ~ Fry at the proper temperature ~ Maintain proper levels of fat ~ Do not fry too many doughnuts at once ~ Keep the fat clean ~ Discard spent fat ~ Keep fat covered when not in use
What is the purpose of an intermediate proof?
The intermediate proof is the 10-20 minutes the dough rests in between pre-shaping and final shaping. During this time, the gluten relaxes -which makes final shaping easier - and fermentation continues.
What is millers grist?
Millers grist is a grain that has been separated from its chaff in preparation for grinding. Although it technically refers to the grist stone used for milling it can also refer to the leftover bran/germ after sifting in the milling process.
What is the purpose of a mono or di- glyceride in bread?
Mono and di- glycerides are emulsifiers that contribute to strengthening the dough and extend the shelf life.
What type of bread would be suitable for use of first clear flour?
Rye bread because it is darker and first clear flour has a dark tinge to it.
How is flour quality determined?
Flour quality is determined by the endosperm, specifically the quality and quantity of the proteins. Kernal damage and moisture content also contribute to quality.
What flour is the highest quality?
Patent Flour
What is the proper percentage for salt in a bread formula?
2%
At what temperature after cooling can you slice bread?
32C
What temperature of water do you use to dissolve active dry yeast?
41C or 105F
How much water should active yeast be dissolved in?
4X its weight
What effect would a dry proofer have on a loaf of bread?
~ Poor volume
~ A skin will form
~ The bread may crack or rupture when baked
What is azodicarbonamide?
Azodicarbonamide is an additive and oxidizing agent used in baking which matures the flour faster.
Sugar has a _________ effect on gluten.
Tenderizing
Milk contains an enzyme that interferes with gluten development. This problem can be avoided by ______.
Scalding the milk
What are the walls of air cells in doughs primarily made of?
(Gluten) Protein.
In the baking process, what is the temperature range for the melting of fats?
32C-55C
In the baking process, what is the temperature range for the formation and expansion of gases?
32-55C. This occurs during oven spring, with the most rapid formation and expansion of gases occurring between 35-45C.
In the baking process, what is the temperature range for the coagulation of proteins?
Coagulation of proteins starts at 60-70C, and is complete at 85C.
In the baking process, what is the temperature range for the gelatinization of starches?
40-95C
In the baking process, what is the temperature range for the crust formation?
150C
What is staling primarily caused by?
Staling is caused primarily by the changes in the Moisture content of baked goods.
What is the best way to prevent the staling of a lean French bread, if it must be stored until the next day?
Tightly wrap the bread.
Browning of a crust during baking is due to the…
Maillard Reaction
What is the process in which starch granules absorb water, swell in size, and break open to release individual starch molecules?
Gelatinization
Why is salt an important ingredient in bread dough?
Salt is an important ingredient in bread dough because it inhibits yeast fermentation, and adds flavour.
A lean dough is one that is low in ___ and ___.
A lean dough is one that is low in Fat and Sugar (and Eggs)
The three main purposes of mixing yeast doughs are:
- Combine ingredients
- Develop gluten
- Hydrate the dough
What is the mixing method in which all ingredients are mixed together at once?
The straight dough method.
Yeast acts on sugar in a dough, and produces a gas called_____. This process is called____.
Yeast acts on sugar in a dough, and produces a gas called Carbon Dioxide. This process is called Fermentation.
After bread is made up and panned, it is placed in a warm, moist place and allowed to rise or expand. This process is called_______?
Proofing
The rapid rising of yeast products in the oven due to the production and expansion of gases in the dough is called________?
Oven spring
Using too much dusting flour during makeup can make loaves that have________?
Streaks
Dough that is left uncovered during intermediate proof will exhibit what characteristics?
- Drying out
- Skin
- Harder to final shape
Therefore… - Poor volume
What 3 factors produce blisters on bread?
- Excess humidity in the proofer
- Excess steam at the oven
- Careless moulding