Textbook chapters 6, 7, and 8 Flashcards
Which ancient philosophical tradition did Plotinus represent?
Neoplatonism
St. Augustine rejected this Neoplatonic claim.
The reality that the One is an impersonal, indefinable, and indescribable god.
What do Phrrhonic skeptics maintain?
People should suspend judgement on all issues
Which argument did St. Augustine use to refute total Academic skepticism?
When I am doubting, if follows automatically I exist because I am a doubter
What did Hypatia think about the study of mathematics astronomy?
They were ways of checking Platonic and Neoplatonic metaphysics and epistemology against the physical universe.
How did St. Thomas Aquinas distinguished philosophy from theology?
Philosophy is based on reason while theology is based on divine revelation faith.
Which view did Aquinas accept?
A physical thing are composed of matter plus form
What did Aquinas maintain concerning the human soul?
It is a direct creation of God
Plotinus believed in a personal, definable God as the source of reality and truth.
False
Platonism and Neoplatonism caused Augustine to reject skepricism and prepared him for Christianity.
True
Augustine accepted the doctrine of creation ex nihilo.
True
Augustine thought that God was in time, which is an objective feature of the world.
False
Both Academic and Pyrrhonic skeptics are modified skeptics.
False
Sextus Empiricus believed that occasionally we are aware of any object as it is independent of us.
False
St. Augustine used the principle of noncontradiction to refute Academic skepticism.
True
Hypatia totally rejected ptolemy’s earth-centered astronomy.
False
Regarding universals, conceptualism is the position that universal terms refer to something that really exists outside of the mind.
False
According to Aquinas, the great truths of Christian theology are both contrary to and beyond human reason.
False
For Aquinas, what a thing is (its essence) is not the same as that is (its existence).
True
According to Aquinas, the great truths of Christian theology are both contrary to and beyond human reason.
False
For Aquinas, what a things is (its essence) is not the same as that it is (its existence).
True
Which claim did Descartes used to establish the certainty of his existence?
I think; therefore I am
What was clarity and distinctness a mark of, for Rene Descartes?
Truth
Which statement would Thomas Hobbes have accepted?
All mental phenomena is derived ultimately from perception.
Anne Conway advocated what sort of metaphysics?
Monadology
Which claim about God did Anne Conway make?
God is an eternal creator, existing outside the dimension of time
What did Benedict Spinoza think a person is?
A substance with God and with nature
What did john Locke believe about perception?
External world impinge on our senses, which convey into the mind ideas represent the way things actually are in the external world.
What did George Berkeley mean about such things as tables and chairs when he denied the existence of matter?
There are no material things that exist outside the mind
By doubting everything he could possible doubt, Descartes hoped to discover something he could know with absolute certainty
True
A major problem for dualism metaphysic of Descartes is explaining how immaterial mind and matter (material body) interact.
True
Hobbes would maintain that properties of an external object do really exist in the object.
False
Conway argues that, since God is an eternal creator, the universe did not have a moment of creation because always existed.
True
Spinoza argues that thought and extension are the only two attributes of the one infinite substance.
True
Bishop George Berkeley criticized and rejected Locke’s belief in a world of material objects existing independently of our perceptions of them.
True
Empiricists argue that all of our intellectual ideas come from sense experience.
True
For Berkeley, no sensible object can exist independently of perception.
True
In denying the existence of matter, Berkeley is in effect denying that chairs and tables even exist.
False
What do we directly observe, according to David Hume?
Sense impressions
What is the self, according to Hume?
A successive perceptions
Why can’t we have cause and effect knowledge, according to Hume?
We can experience a constant conjunction between events
What is perception, for Immanuel Kant?
The application of the mind to sense impression (sense -date)
Why can we know that all of our future experiences will be in space and time, according to Kant?
Because these are possible experience based on the perceiving past of the mind.
What does kant mean by the noumenal world?
The world as it really is, independently of our knowledge of it
According to Absolut idealism, what is the relationship between being real and being knowable?
All reality is knowable, an expression of infinite consciousness
What is the highest reality (the Absolute), for Hegal?
Infinite though reflects on itself
Hume believed that our ideas can go beyond our sense impressions and have impression of the mind about the world of physical objects.
False
David Hume wrote the Critique of Pure Reason.
False
Kant held, to qualify as experience, sensory stimulation must be unified in a single connected consciousness.
True
Kant did not believe that it is possible to know anything about the world as it is in inself, without having our experiences of it.
True
The absolute idealists refused to accept Kant’s belief in an unknowable reality.
True
For Hegel, reality is a group of independent particulars or states of affairs.
False
For Hegel, nothing is completely real or true expect the whole of reality, the Absolute.
True
Schopenhauer believed humans are totally rational in their actions
False
According to Schopenhauer, the will does the structuring of the phenomenal
True
