Exam 1 (ch 1, 3-5) Flashcards
Who is a philosopher, in the original sense of the world?
A lover and pursuer of wisdom, regardless of the subject matter
Which is a common characteristic of philosophical questions?
They involve real-life ethical dilemmas
In philosophy, what is an argument?
Giving a reason for accepting it
What fallacy is it when an argument is against the person rather than the person’s beliefs?
Argumentum ad Hominem
What fallacy is it when an argument offers only two choices when in fact more options exist?
False Dilemma
Which of the following branches of philosophy does not involve questions related to values?
Metaphysics
Philosophy once include modern disciplines like physics and biology
True
Philosophical questions are concrete and factual.
False
Giving and rebutting arguments is the most basic philosophical activity.
True
The most famous “reduction ad absurdum” in history of philosophy is St. Anselm’s ontological proof that God exists.
True
Philosophical questions tend to fall into five areas.
True
Art and beauty are primarily topics within social philosophy
False
One of the sides benefits of philosophy is better logical and critical thinking skills
True
What does the branch of philosophy called metaphysical study?
Ultimate reality
What does the branch of philosophy called epistemology study?
Knowledge
What are Thales, Anaximenes and Anaximander collectively known as?
The Milesians
According to Theano, what did pythagoras claim?
An intimacy between things and numbers
What was the essence of reality of Heraclitus?
Change
What is the cause of change for Empedocles?
Love and strife
What did the Atomists do?
They held that all things are composed of physical atoms
The Milesians all proposed material view of reality - air, fire and water - fundamental kind of stuff
True
The term “metaphysics” comes of pythagoras
False
Zeno tried to refute Parmenides’ theory that reality is One.
False
According to Aristotle, Pythagoras constructed natural bodies out of numbers.
True
The Atomist believe strictly accordance` with physical laws and did not believe in chance or free will.
True
After his trial and conviction for “corrupting” the minds of young men and for not believing in the city’s gods, Socrates died by…
Drinking hemlock
How are the Forms apprehended, according to Plato?
By reason, intellectually
Plato had three famous theories:
The Theory of Knowledge, The Theory of Love and Becoming, The Theory of Forms
Where do the Forms exist, according to Plato?
In a immaterial realm, ageless, that is, eternal
The Theory of Forms by Plato are.
Unchanging, unmoving and indivisible.
Three of Plato’s more enlightening and well-known dialogs are:
Apology, Republic and Meno
For Plato the ultimate way of knowing and realizing truth was through.
Love
Socrates did not merely engage in sophistry; he was not interested in arguing for the sake of arguing.
True
The dialectic method is a search to discover essesntial natural definitions of important concepts.
true
Platonic dualism was utterly rejected by early Christianity
False
Cratylus thought you couldn’t step into the same river even once.
True
According to Plato, true knowledge is truly real and unchangeable as compared to objects of sense perception.
True
Plato believed that is enough to know the truth.
False
Aristotle’s primary area of interest was?
Metaphysics
Aristotle’s works include all the following except:
Confessions
What did Aristotle say about all change?
It is a movement from potentiality to actuality
Which of the following is not one of the ten basic categories Aristotle used to describe the ways in which humans think about things?
Weight
How many souls did Aristotle believe humans have?
Three
What is a syllogism?
A kind of inference
In Aristotle’s opinion each thing is a combination of matter and form.
True
Aristotle wrote Politics
true
The statement “What purpose does it serve?” is what Aristotle called the formal cause.
False
According to Aristotle, only matter is what makes a thing.
False
According to aristotle, forms are found only within particular things.
True
Aristotle believed that logic and forms of thought could show the structure of reality.
True
