Chapter 1, 2, 3 Flashcards
Whis is a philosopher, in the original sense of the word?
A lover and pursuer of wisdom, regardless of the subject’s matter.
Which is a common characteristic of philosophical questions?
They involve real-life ethical dilemmas
In philosophy, what is an argument?
Giving a reason for accepting it
What fallacy is it when an argument is against the person rather than the person’s beliefs?
Argumentum ad Hominem
“What we said was X, but out opponent acts as if we had said Y!” What fallacy does this most clearly illustrate?
Straw man
What fallacy is it when an argument offers only two choices when in fact more options exists?
False Dilemma
Which is the branch of philosophy that studies issues concerning art and the value judgment about art?
Aesthetics
Which of the following branches of philosophy does not involve questions related to values?
Metaphysics
Philosophy once included modern disciplines like physics and biology
True
Philosophical questions are concrete and factual
False
Giving and rebutting arguments is the most basic philosophical activity
True
The most famous “reductio ad absurdum” in history of philosophy is St. Anselm’s ontological proof the God exists
True
Philosophy questions tend to fall into five areas.
True
Are and beauty are primarily topics within social philosophy.
False
Political philosophy is totally separate from the values subject matter of moral philosophy.
False
One of the side benefits of philosophy is better logical and critical thinking skills.
True
Which philosopher quoted, “Nobody steps in the same river twice: it’s never the same river and it’s never the same person.” ?
Heraclitus
Which philosopher quoted,”What then is time? If no one asks me, I know; if I wish it to one that asks, I know not?”
Augustine of Hippo
Which philosopher quoted, “‘Yes’ and ‘No’ are the two words that require the most thought”?
Pythagoras
Which philosopher quoted, “If you aren’t content with what you have, you wan’t be content with what you would like to have?”
Socrates
Which philosopher quoted, “Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains.”?
Karl Marx
Which philosopher quoted, “Death is of no concern, because as long as we exist, death is not here. And when it does come, we no longer exist”?
Epicurus
Which philosopher quoted, “ Wealth consists not in having great possessions, but in having few wants”?
Epicurus
Which philosopher quoted,”man is the measure of all things”?
Protagoras
Which philosoper quoted, “The highest result of education is tolerance.”
Helen Keller
Which philosopher quotes, “Motion being eternal, the first mover, if there is but one, will be eternal also”?
Aristotle
Which philosopher quoted, “You cannot know what is not, nor can you express it. What can be thought of and what can be- they are the same”?
Parmenides
Which philosopher quoted, “ I don’t worry about the problem. I worry about the solution”?
O’Neal
Which philosopher quoted,”The safest way of not being miserable is to not expect to be very happy”?
Schopenhauer
Which philosopher quoted, “Everything that exists in your life, does so because of two things: something you did or something you didn’t do”?
Einstein
Which philosopher quoted, “One and God make a majority”?
Douglass
Which philosopher quoted, “We never understand our home until we leave it?”
Holderlin
Which philosopher quoted, “Although good can exist without evil, evil cannot exist without good”?
Thomas Aquinas
Which philosopher quoted, “Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced”?
James Baldwin
Which philosopher quoted, “A system cannot fail those it was never meant to protect”?
W.E.B Du Bois
Which philosopher quotes, “ I think; therefore I am”?
Rene Decartes
What does the branch of philosophy called metaphysics study?
Ultimate Reality
What does the branch of philosophy called epistemology study?
Knowledge
What are Thales, Anaximenes, and Anaximander collectively known as?
The Milesians
According to Theano, what did Pythagoras claim?
An intimacy between things and numbers
What was the essence of reality for Heraclitus?
Change
What is the reality according to a follower of Parmenides?
Being does not change
What is the cause of change for Empedocies?
Love and strife
What did Anaxagoras do?
He introduced the matter/mide distinction to philosophy
What did the Atomists do?
They held that all things are composed of physical atoms
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about reality.
Fals e
The Milesians all proposed material view of reality - air, fire, and water - fundamental kind of stuff.
True
The term “metaphysics” comes from Pythagoras.
False
According to Aristotle, Pythagoras constructed natural bodies out of numbers
True
Heraclitus thought that opposites, like young and old, were in some sense a harmonious union in which he called logos.
true
Zeno tried to Parmenides’ theory that reality is One.
False
Each different kind of substance has its own corresponding kind of particle and that each substance contains particle of every other kind was a doctrine of Anaxagoras
true
The atomists believe strictly accordance with physical laws and did not believe in chance or free will
True
Metaphysics is?
Ultimate reality.
