TEXT BASED INSTRUCTION

Question 1

Language ___ happens as __ , and not as __
words and sentences. From an ___, ___or
___ perspective, it is the text which is the
___unit of language’ (Kress 1985).

Answer 1

1. always
2. texts
3. isolated
4. aesthetic
5. social
6. educational
7. significant

Question 2

This belief is held as ___ by proponents of Text-based Instruction. It’s a theory of language that strongly ___ with the ___ view that the ___unit of language – at least from the point of view of ___ design – is the ___. ___ approaches to teaching – as in the ___ (see chapter 6) – take the __, and the ___that compose it, as their ___point. The primacy of the sentence was given an added boost by __ (1957) who argued: ‘From now on I will consider a language to be a set (__or ___) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements’. Teaching a language, it followed, is teaching how its sentences are formed from these elements.

Answer 2

1. fundamental
2. contrasts
3. long-held
4. basic
5. syllabus
6. sentence
7. Structural
8. Audiolingual Method
9. sentence
10. elements
11. starting
12. Noam Chomsky
13. finite
14. infinite

Question 3

__ approaches, however, have long recognized the fact that, when
we look at language from the point of view of the __ it expresses, the sentence is no longer ___. A ___event, such as a shopping encounter, or a job interview, or an exchange of SMS messages, is constructed of much more than a succession of ___ sentences. And some communications, such as a compliment (‘Nice shirt!’) or a road sign (NO PARKING) consist of ___phrases. From a functional point of view, language is __– not as sentences – but as text, whether __ or __, and whether a single word or a 600-page novel

Answer 3

1. Functional
2. meaning
3. pre-eminent
4. communicative
5. independent
6. single
7. realized

Question 4

An __study of how language in its __of use occurs as __ text was conducted in the markets of __: the researcher (Mitchell1957) observed that __and ___exchanges followed __ stages, even if ___ configurations of __ factors meant that there was ___variation within these stages. The ___ nature of the emerging ___(the __), and the way it is shaped by its ___, led Mitchell to conclude (1975):

A text is a kind of __ , and every __or __in it is part of its own context, in the ___ sense of this term; moreover, the snowball rolls now this way, now that.

Answer 4

1. early
2. contexts
3. connected
4. Tunisia
5. buying
6. selling
7. clearly defined
8. different
9. context
10. considerable
11. dynamic
12. conversation
13. text
14. context
15. snowball
16. word
17. collocation
18. wider