Tetanus And Ig Immunizations Flashcards
Describe what can cause serum sickness from a vaccination.
Injection of a tetanus antitoxin from another animal species (i.e. Equine antitoxin) is more likely to cause an allergic reaction than from a human source.
What is the best vaccination option for a 23 year old student who was bitten by a mouse (superficial laceration)? Consider the following: he received 4 injections of DPT at his 1st year of life and a booster at age 5 for tetanus.
Tetanus toxoid vaccination is the best option since he has memory B-cells to the tetanus toxin. This will elicit a quick secondary response.
A 10 year old girl sustained a deep laceration and has no previous history of tetanus vaccinations. What is the best protocol to follow for this patient?
Administer separate injections of tetanus toxoid and immune globulin (human) at different sites during the first visit.
Active immunization protocol is given after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent its progression if…
Incubation period exceeds the time needed for immunity to develop against the disease. This is for the onset of the immune response to come before the presentation of disease symptoms.
A 10 year-old patient sustained a deep puncture wound. He has a history of DPT series vaccinations as a baby and a booster given att age 5. What is the recommended treatment protocol and why?
Do not give any tetanus immunizations because his last booster was given within 5 years!!!
The Diptheria toxoid is both ________ and ________, which makes it an effective inducer of active immunity. This serves to build up what type of immunity (humoral/cell-mediated)?
DPT toxoid is both immunogenic and antigenic! This serves to build up humoral immunity.
The type of immunity induced by the tetanus toxoid is both ______ and ______.
Antibody-mediated (exclusive to plasma cells) and ACTIVE. This is because the antigen homologue can stimulate the immune system.
Why would passive immunization of an antibody be more advantageous than that of active immunization?
The antibody is given rapidly, than waiting for antibodies to be generated in the the active immune response.
Describe some features of passive human immunoglobulin administration, according to immunization guidelines.
- Instantaneous immunity
- Half-life of 3 weeks
- No memory B-cells are made (since it’s passive)
- NEVER use as SOLE treatment!
Describe a protocol of passive EQUINE Ig administration, according to immunization guidelines.
-Use ONLY if human Ig is unavailable and passive immunity is needed!
What type of antiserum can elicit a potentially dangerous immune response if injected (toxoid, heterologous antiserum, homologous antiserum)?
Heterologous antiserum is potentially dangerous and can lead to adverse immune reactions.
Define the tetanus toxoid in relation to how it can provide a beneficial immune response.
Tetanus toxoid is the less toxic version of the toxin that can stimulate the production of antibodies. This is because it retains antigenicity for immunization purposes.
What aspect of the patient must be considered if he or she needs passive immunization from a snake bite and the only antisera is from horses?
The patient’s history of passive immunizations should be considered to see if there is any immunological memory from previous vaccinations.
In what ways does the antibody level of a secondary (anamnestic) response differ from that of a primary response?
Secondary immune responses are SOONER, higher and more PROLONGED.
What is the best immunization protocol for a baby that may have a tetanus infection? What other treatments may be ineffective?
Give the baby tetanus immune globulin (human) since he has a developing immune system. Providing tetanus toxin, toxoid or antitoxin would be adverse or ineffective since the primary response takes 7-10 days (which may be too long to fight the disease).
