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PCMI > Tests for Diagnosing Pathology > Flashcards

Tests for Diagnosing Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Ligament Instability: testing for sprained medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

A

Valgus Stress Test

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2
Q

Ligament Instability: testing for sprained lateral (radial) collateral ligament

A

Varus Stress Test

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3
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment (cubital tunnel syndrome)

A

Tinel Test

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4
Q

Medial Epicondylitis

A

Golfer’s Elbow Test

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5
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

A

Tennis Elbow Test (Cozen’s test)

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6
Q

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Neuropathy

A

“OK” Sign

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7
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Tinel’s Sign

Phalen’s Sign

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8
Q

DeQuervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Finkelstein Test

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9
Q

Glenohumeral instability

+: patient is apprehensive of repeat dislocation

A

Apprehension Test

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10
Q

Glenohumeral instability

+: indentation appears in area beneath acromion

A

Sulcus Sign

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11
Q

Unstable bicipital tendon
+: pain and/or tendon subluxation out of groove

Patient’s arm at side with elbow flexed 90 deg. Physician uses one hand to palpate bicipital groove and monitors there, while the other hand grasps the patient’s wrist. Pt supinates and externally rotates against resistance.

A

Yergason’s Test

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12
Q

Bicipital tendonitis of longhead of biceps brachii
+: pain in bicipital groove

Patient’s arm flexed (50-90 deg) at the shoulder with hand supinated. Slightly flex pt’s elbow. Resist at forearm while pt flexes shoulder

A

Speed’s Test

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13
Q

Rotator cuff pathology (specifically supraspinatus)

+: Pain or weakness

Flex pt’s shoulders to 90 deg. while horizontally abduction to 45 deg. Then internally rotate both arms so thumbs are pointing down (emptying can). Press down on forearms while pt resists.

A

Empty Can Test

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14
Q

Full thickness tear of supraspinatus

+: Arm will drop, or gentle tap on wrist will cause arm to drop

A

Drop-arm Test

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15
Q

Indicates subacromial impingement and/or rotator cuff injury

+: Pain is elicited within 60 -120 degrees of shoulder abduction

A

Painful Arc Test

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16
Q

Subacromial bursa or rotator cuff impingement

+: pain

Stabilize pt’s shoulder. With forearm pronated passively flex shoulder to fully flexed position

A

Neer Impingement Test

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17
Q

Rotator cuff or subacromial bursa impingement

+: pain

Flex shoulder to 90 deg, flex elbow to 90 deg, and passively rotate the humerus into internal rotation. This opposes rotator cuff against coracoacromial ligament and acromion

A

Hawkins Test

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18
Q

Subscapularis weakness

+: weakness (inability to resist)

A

Lift Off Test

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19
Q

AC joint pathology

+: pain in AC joint with end range adduction

Physician PASSIVELY adducts patient’s arm across their chest and rests pt’s hand on their opposite shoulder

A

Cross Arm Test

20
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment

A

“Handlebar Palsy”

21
Q

Extensor tendon injury at DIP

A

Mallet Finger

22
Q

Inflammation and narrowing of flexor tendon sheath

A

Trigger Finger

23
Q

Avulsion of flexor digitorum profundus from fingertip

A

Jersey Finger

24
Q

Abnormal connective tissue thickening in the palmar fascia

A

Dupuytren’s Contracture

25
Q

Fracture of the proximal ulna; dislocation of the radial head

A

Monteggia Fracture

26
Q

Fracture of the distal radius; dislocation of the ulna

A

Galeazzi Fracture

27
Q

Labrum, ligamentum teres, and articular surfaces

A

Central Compartment

28
Q

Femoral neck, synovial lining

A

Peripheral Compartment

29
Q

Gluteus medius, minimus, piriformis, IT band, trochanteric bursae

A

Lateral Compartment

30
Q

Iliopsoas insertion, iliopsoas bursae

A

Anterior Compartment

31
Q

Central or peripheral compartment pathology

+: pain

A

Log Roll

32
Q

Labral pathology

Patient characteristically points to the source of pain with two fingers or cups just above the trochanter with the thumb and index finger

A

C-sign

33
Q

Labral or cartilaginous pathology

+: pain

Flex pt’s knee and hip to 90 deg, load into femur towards the hip bone

A

Labral Loading

34
Q

Labral or cartilaginous pathology

+: improvement of pain

Distract pt’s femur away from hip bone

A

Labral Distraction

35
Q

Labral or articular cartilage pathology

+: pain

Flex and externally rotate pt’s hip. Load into socket and articulate through annular range of motion

A

Scour

36
Q

Labral pathology

+: Anterior subluxation of hip or apprehension/pain

Pt’s hip flexed, abducted, externally rotated. Physician induces further external rotation by applying a posterior force at the knee

A

Apprehension FABER (1/3)

37
Q

Rectus femoris contraction

+: knee flexion <90 deg

Pt supine. One hip is flexed up to the chest. The other leg is bent over the edge of the table

A

Rectus Femoris Test

38
Q 
Trochanteric Bursitis
(lateral compartment)

+: pt withdraws or “jumps” with pressure

A

Jump Sign

39
Q

IT band contracture

+: pain over lateral leg, especially at >15 deg.

Positive signs usually occur btwn 30-60 deg if cause is lumbosacral radiculopathy and/or sciatic neuropathy

Positive signs at >70 deg is more likely mechanical low back pain due to muscle strain or joint disease

A

Straight Leg Raise Test

40
Q

Piriformis spasm or pathology

+: pain over posterior aspect of greater trochanter

Pt supine with hip and knee flexedd, one ankle crossed over contralateral knee. Pt abducts against resistance

A

Piriformis Test

41
Q

Gluteus medius pathology

+: pain or weakness

pt’s hip is flexed, abducted, and externally rotated. Physician braces contralateral ASIS, pt externally rotates/abducts against resistance

A

Patrick’s FABER (2/3)

42
Q

Iliopsoas insufficiency or pathology

+: anterior or medial groin pain/weakness

Pt’s hip flexed, abducted, and externally rotated. Physician braces contralateral ASIS. Pt internally rotates/adducts against resistance

A

Patrick’s FABER (3/3)

43
Q

Hip flexor contraction

+: inability to fully extend, or extended leg raises off table

A

Thomas Test

44
Q

Possible meniscal injury, collateral ligament injury, or both

+: pain with rotation and/or compression

Pt prone with knee flexed to 90 deg. Downward force on foot to provide a compressive force on the meniscus, while rotating the foot internally and externally

A

Apley’s Grind Test- Compression test

45
Q

Possible collateral ligament damage

+: pain with distraction and rotation

Pt in same position as for the apley compression. Physician stabilizes thigh, then applies upward traction to leg while rotating it (traction reduces meniscal pressure, but increases ligamentous strain)

A

Apley’s Grind Test -Distraction test

PCMI (5 decks)

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