General Inspection

Question 1

Lateral Gravitational Line -name the landmarks

Answer 1

1. External auditory canal
2. Lateral head of humerus
3. Third lumbar vertebra
4. Anterior third of sacrum
5. Greater trochanter of the femur
6. Lateral condyle of the knee
7. Lateral malleolus

Question 2

Plane of Motion: lateral flexion or side-bending

Name the plane and axis of motion

Answer 2

Plane: Frontal

Axis of Motion: Anterior/ Posterior

Question 3

Plane of Motion: flexion & extension

Name the plane and axis of motion

Answer 3

Plane: Sagittal

Axis of Motion: Right/ Left or Transverse

Question 4

Plane of Motion: rotation

Name the plane and axis of motion

Answer 4

Plane: Transverse

Axis of Motion: Superior/ Inferior or Longitudinal

Question 5

Grading for deep tendon reflexes

Answer 5

DTR: n+/4
4+/4: very brisk, hyperactive, with clonus (rhythmic oscillation btwn flexion and extension)

3+/4: Brisker than average, possibly but not necessairly indicative of disease

2+/4: Average, NORMAL

1+/4: Somewhat diminished, low normal

0/4: No response

Question 6

Grading for muscular strength

Answer 6

+n/5

+0/5: No muscular contraction detected
+1/5: Barely detectable flicker/trace of contraction
+2/5: Active movement with gravity eliminated
+3/5: Active movement against gravity
+4/5: Active movement against gravity and some resistance
+5/5: Active movement against full resistance without evidence of fatigue (NORMAL muscle strength)

Question 7

Sensory/ Dermatomes: name the landmarks

Answer 7

C4 - top of shoulder 
C6 - radial aspect of forearm 
C8 - 5th digit 
T4 - nipple line
T10 - umbilicus 
L5 - great toe
S1 - posterolateral calf/ little toe

Question 8

Grading for pulses

Answer 8

+n/4

\+4/4: Bounding 
\+3/4: Strong, full, increased 
\+2/4: NORMAL, average intensity, expected
\+1/4: Diminished, barely palpable 
0/4: Absent, not palpable

Question 9

Grading for edema

Answer 9

n+

0: Absent
1+: Barely detectable, slight pitting, disappears rapidly (2mm)
2+: Slight indentation (4mm); 10-15 sec
3+ Deeper indentation (6mm); >1 min
4+: Very marked indentation (8mm); 2-5 min