Medical Terms Related to Joints

Question 1

Sprain

Answer 1

ligament injury

Question 2

Strain

Answer 2

muscular injury

Question 3

Effusion

Answer 3

fluid in the joint

Question 4

Dislocation

Answer 4

complete lack of contact between two articular surfaces

Question 5

Subluxationi

Answer 5

Residual contact btwn two articular surfaces; a partial dislocation

Question 6

Valgus deformity

Answer 6

Distal part of limb directed away from midline

ex. genu valgus –> “knock knees”

Question 7

Varus deformity

Answer 7

Distal part of limb directed toward midline

ex. genu varus –> “bowlegs”

Question 8

Myalgia

Answer 8

muscle pain

Question 9

Arthralgia

Answer 9

joint pain

Question 10

Tendonitis vs Tenosynovitis

Answer 10

Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon

Tenosynovitis: inflammation of the tendon sheath

Question 11

ROM: Arm FLEXION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 11

ROM flexion: 180 deg.

Muscles: Anterior deltoid and coracobrachilais

Question 12

ROM: Arm EXTENSION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 12

ROM extension: 60 deg

Muscles: Latissimus dorsi and teres major

Question 13

ROM: Arm ABDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 13

ROM abduction: 180 deg

Muscles: pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Question 14

ROM: Arm HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 14

ROM horizontal abduction: 130 - 145 deg or 40 - 55 deg

Muscles: Supraspinatus and mid-deltoid

Question 15

ROM: Arm HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 15

ROM horizontal adduction: 130 - 140 deg

Muscles: Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

Question 16

ROM: Arm external rotation

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 16

ROM external rotation: 90 deg

Muscles: infraspinatus and teres minor

Question 17

ROM: Arm internal rotation

Primary muscle(s) involved?

Answer 17

ROM internal rotation: 90 deg

Muscles: subscapularis and pectoralis minor

Question 18

GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY:

Apprehension Test

Answer 18

(+) Test: Patient apprehensive of repeat dislocation

Indicates: glenohumeral instability

Pt seated or supine. Shoulder abducted to 90 deg and elbow flexed to 90 deg. Stabilize shoulder with one hand (blocking lineage) and force arm into external rotation with the other hand

Question 19

GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY:

Sulcus Sign

Answer 19

(+) Test: Indentation appears in area beneath the acromion

Indicates: glenohumeral instability

Question 20

BICIPITAL TENDON PATHOLOGY:

Yergason’s Test

Answer 20

(+) Test: Pain and/or tendon subluxation out of groove

Indicates: unstable bicipital tendon

Pt.’s arm at side with elbow flexed to 90 deg. Physician uses one hand to palpate bicipital groove and monitors there, while the other hand grasps the pt’s wrist. Have pt supinate and externally rotate against physician’s resistance

Question 21

BICIPITAL TENDON PATHOLOGY:

Speed’s Test

Answer 21

(+) Test: Pain in bicipital groove

Indicates: bicipital tendonitis of longhead biceps

Pt’s arm flexed (50-90 deg) at shoulder with hand supinated. Slightly flex pt’s elbow. Resist at forearm while pt flexes shoulder

Question 22

ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY:

Empty Can Test

Answer 22

(+) Test: Pain or weakness

Indicates: rotator cuff pathology (specifically supraspinatus)

Flex pt’s shoulder to 90 deg while horizontally abducting to 45 deg. Then internally rotate both arms so thumbs are pointing down. Press down on forearms while pt. resists

Question 23

ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY:

Drop - Arm Test

Answer 23

(+) Test: Arm will drop or gentle tap on wrist will cause arm to drop

Indicates: full thickness tear of supraspinatus

Question 24

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT:

Painful Arc Test

Answer 24

(+) Test: Pain elicited within 60 and 120 degrees of shoulder abduction

Indicates: subacromial impingement and/ or rotator cuff injury

Question 25

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT: Neer Impingement

Answer 25

(+) Test: Pain Indicates: subacromial bursa or rotator cuff impingement Stabilize pt's shoulder. With forearm pronated, passively flex shoulder to fully flexed position

Question 26

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT: Hawkins Test

Answer 26

(+) Test: Pain Indicates: Rotator cuff or subacromial bursa impingement Flex shoulder to 90 deg, flex elbow to 90 deg, and passively rotate the humerus into internal rotation. This opposes rotator cuff against coracoacromial ligament and acromion

Question 27

SUBSCAPULARIS: Lift Off Test

Answer 27

(+) Test: Weakness (inability to resist) Indicates: subscapularis weakness

Question 28

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR: Cross Arm Test

Answer 28

(+) Test: Pain in AC joint with end range adduction Indicates: AC joint pathology