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PCMI > Medical Terms Related to Joints > Flashcards

Medical Terms Related to Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Sprain

A

ligament injury

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2
Q

Strain

A

muscular injury

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3
Q

Effusion

A

fluid in the joint

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4
Q

Dislocation

A

complete lack of contact between two articular surfaces

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5
Q

Subluxationi

A

Residual contact btwn two articular surfaces; a partial dislocation

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6
Q

Valgus deformity

A

Distal part of limb directed away from midline

ex. genu valgus –> “knock knees”

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7
Q

Varus deformity

A

Distal part of limb directed toward midline

ex. genu varus –> “bowlegs”

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8
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle pain

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9
Q

Arthralgia

A

joint pain

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10
Q

Tendonitis vs Tenosynovitis

A

Tendonitis: inflammation of the tendon

Tenosynovitis: inflammation of the tendon sheath

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11
Q

ROM: Arm FLEXION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM flexion: 180 deg.

Muscles: Anterior deltoid and coracobrachilais

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12
Q

ROM: Arm EXTENSION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM extension: 60 deg

Muscles: Latissimus dorsi and teres major

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13
Q

ROM: Arm ABDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM abduction: 180 deg

Muscles: pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

ROM: Arm HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM horizontal abduction: 130 - 145 deg or 40 - 55 deg

Muscles: Supraspinatus and mid-deltoid

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15
Q

ROM: Arm HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM horizontal adduction: 130 - 140 deg

Muscles: Pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

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16
Q

ROM: Arm external rotation

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM external rotation: 90 deg

Muscles: infraspinatus and teres minor

17
Q

ROM: Arm internal rotation

Primary muscle(s) involved?

A

ROM internal rotation: 90 deg

Muscles: subscapularis and pectoralis minor

18
Q

GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY:

Apprehension Test

A

(+) Test: Patient apprehensive of repeat dislocation

Indicates: glenohumeral instability

Pt seated or supine. Shoulder abducted to 90 deg and elbow flexed to 90 deg. Stabilize shoulder with one hand (blocking lineage) and force arm into external rotation with the other hand

19
Q

GLENOHUMERAL INSTABILITY:

Sulcus Sign

A

(+) Test: Indentation appears in area beneath the acromion

Indicates: glenohumeral instability

20
Q

BICIPITAL TENDON PATHOLOGY:

Yergason’s Test

A

(+) Test: Pain and/or tendon subluxation out of groove

Indicates: unstable bicipital tendon

Pt.’s arm at side with elbow flexed to 90 deg. Physician uses one hand to palpate bicipital groove and monitors there, while the other hand grasps the pt’s wrist. Have pt supinate and externally rotate against physician’s resistance

21
Q

BICIPITAL TENDON PATHOLOGY:

Speed’s Test

A

(+) Test: Pain in bicipital groove

Indicates: bicipital tendonitis of longhead biceps

Pt’s arm flexed (50-90 deg) at shoulder with hand supinated. Slightly flex pt’s elbow. Resist at forearm while pt flexes shoulder

22
Q

ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY:

Empty Can Test

A

(+) Test: Pain or weakness

Indicates: rotator cuff pathology (specifically supraspinatus)

Flex pt’s shoulder to 90 deg while horizontally abducting to 45 deg. Then internally rotate both arms so thumbs are pointing down. Press down on forearms while pt. resists

23
Q

ROTATOR CUFF PATHOLOGY:

Drop - Arm Test

A

(+) Test: Arm will drop or gentle tap on wrist will cause arm to drop

Indicates: full thickness tear of supraspinatus

24
Q

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT:

Painful Arc Test

A

(+) Test: Pain elicited within 60 and 120 degrees of shoulder abduction

Indicates: subacromial impingement and/ or rotator cuff injury

25
Q

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT:

Neer Impingement

A

(+) Test: Pain

Indicates: subacromial bursa or rotator cuff impingement

Stabilize pt’s shoulder. With forearm pronated, passively flex shoulder to fully flexed position

26
Q

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT:

Hawkins Test

A

(+) Test: Pain

Indicates: Rotator cuff or subacromial bursa impingement

Flex shoulder to 90 deg, flex elbow to 90 deg, and passively rotate the humerus into internal rotation. This opposes rotator cuff against coracoacromial ligament and acromion

27
Q

SUBSCAPULARIS:

Lift Off Test

A

(+) Test: Weakness (inability to resist)

Indicates: subscapularis weakness

28
Q

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR:

Cross Arm Test

A

(+) Test: Pain in AC joint with end range adduction

Indicates: AC joint pathology

PCMI (5 decks)

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