Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FINALS CC 1 > TESTS FOR CONJUGATION AND EXCRETION FUNCTION > Flashcards

TESTS FOR CONJUGATION AND EXCRETION FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

End product of hemoglobin metabolism

A

BILIRUBIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

85% of bilirubin are derived from

A

hemoglobin metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RBCs are phagocytized, releasing Hgb

A

PREHEPATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In prehepatic, Hgb is degraded into________ , ____________ & ______

A
  1. iron (binds with transferrin & transported to liver)
  2. globin (recycled in liver as AA)
  3. heme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

biliverdin through Heme Oxygenase

A

HEME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

unconjugated bilirubin
through Biliverdin Reductase

A

BILIVERDIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In prehepatic, B1 is released in ________ and binds with ______ to be transported to the liver

A

plasma, albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Albumin is detached on the surface of hepatocytes

A

HEPATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In hepatic, after albumin is detached B1 will then bind to _______ to enter the ________

A

ligandin, SER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

B1 undergo conjugation catalyzed by) ___________

A

Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase converts B1 to __________ then to _________ (B2)

A

Bilirubin monoglucuronide, Bilirubin diglucuronide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B2 in liver is transported to the ________ → combined with secretion from the __________ → transported to __________ → transported to

A

hepatic duct, gallbladder, common bile duct, intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the intestine:
B2 is reduced into __________ → _________ → urobilinogen by ________

A

mesobilirubin, mesobilirubinogen, intestinal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

80% of urobilinogen formed is oxidized to become _________

A

stercobilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stercobilin is responsible for

A

responsible for stool pigment: yellow-brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

20% of urobilinogen is

A

reabsorbed by the extrahepatic circulation and recycled through the liver and then re-excreted in urine in the form of urobilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bilirubin is also formed from destruction of heme-containing proteins such as

A

myoglobin, catalase, and cytochrome oxidase (15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bilirubin has _______ in the body, thus, it needs to be __________

A

No physiologic function, excreted through liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Principal pigment in bile

A

BILIRUBIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin (form measured in the lab)

A

BILIRUBIN 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Water Insoluble bilirubin

A

BILIRUBIN 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Non-polar bilirubin

A

BILIRUBIN 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Indirect bilirubin

A

BILIRUBIN 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hemobilirubin

A

BILIRUBIN 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Slow reacting bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 1
26
Prehepatic bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 1
27
Conjugated bilirubin (form that can be excreted)
BILIRUBIN 2
28
Water soluble bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 2
29
Polar bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 2
30
Direct bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 2
31
Cholebilirubin
BILIRUBIN 2
32
One-minute/Prompt bilirubin
BILIRUBIN 2
33
Plasma concentration of bilirubin increases upon _______ and reaches its peak on the ________
birth, 5th day
33
Post-hepatic/Hepatic /Obstructive/ Regurgitative
BILIRUBIN 2
34
If bilirubin synthesis > liver clearance rate =
increased bilirubin level
35
Conjugated bilirubin reference value
0-0.2 mg/dL (0-3 µmol/L)
36
Unconjugated bilirubin reference value
0.2-0.8 mg/dL (3-14 µmol/L)
37
Total bilirubin reference value
0.2-1.0 mg/dL (3-17 µmol/L)
38
Conjugated bilirubin bounded to albumin (having longer half-life)
DELTA BILIRUBIN
39
Formed due to chronic/prolonged elevation of conjugated bilirubin
DELTA BILIRUBIN
40
Helps in monitoring the decline of serum bilirubin following cholecystectomy
DELTA BILIRUBIN
41
Delta bilirubin reacts with ______
diazo reagent o Can be measured using total bilirubin (TB= B2 + B1) o DB = TB – (B2+B1)
42
Bilirubin specimen
Serum
43
Must be covered with carbon paper/aluminum foil as it is __________
photosensitive If exposed to light: bilirubin is decreased 30-50%/hour
44
In bilirubin methodology if sample is prepared and stored properly: o Room temperature: ________ o Refrigerator (4˚C): __________ o Freezer (-20˚C): ________
o Room temperature: 2 days o Refrigerator (4˚C): 1 week o Freezer (-20˚C): indefinite
45
Fasting sample is required. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE. Fasting sample is preferred (NOT REQUIRED)
46
Bilirubin Interferences:
Lipemia: causes increased bilirubin concentration (why fasting is PREFERRED) o Hemolysis: decrease bilirubin reaction w/diazo reagent (↓bilirubin)
47
BILIRUBIN ASSAY Principe
Van den Berg Reaction → diazotization of bilirubin to form azobilirubin
48
Bilirubin assay only measure __________________ and ___________________
conjugated bilirubin (can directly react to the diazo reagent), total bilirubin (measured by adding accelerants for unconjugated bilirubin)
49
Two methods of bilirubin assay
1. EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD 2. JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD
50
EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD principle
Van den berg reaction
51
Reagents of EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD
1. Coupling accelerator: Methanol (will measure indirect bilirubin) 2. Diazo Reagents: (measures direct bilirubin)  Diazo A – 0.1% sulfanilic acid + HCl  Diazo B – 0.5% sodium nitrite  Diazo blank – 1.5% HCl
52
EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD is performed at pH
near 1.0
53
Final reaction of EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD
pink to purple azobilirubin (with maximal absorption at 560 nm)
54
Disadvantage of EVELYN AND MALLOY METHOD
methanol can cause protein precipitation (causing turbidity)
55
Popular technique for discreet analyzers
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD
56
Most used as it is more sensitive, safer (uses a more neutral pH), no turbidity
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD
57
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD Main reagent
Diazo Reagent
58
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD accelerator
Caffeine Sodium Benzoate
59
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD buffer
Sodium acetate
60
terminates the accelerator and destroys excess diazo reagent
Ascorbic acid:
61
provides alkaline pH after addition of ascorbic acid
Alkaline tartrate solution
62
JENDRASSIK-GROF METHOD Final reaction
blue azobilirubin (measured at 600nm)
63
INCREASED INDIRECT BILIRUBIN
* Hemolytic anemia * G-6-PD deficiency * Gilbert’s Syndrome * Criggler-Najjar Syndrome * Hepatocellular disease * Lucey-Driscoll Syndrome
64
INCREASED DIRECT BILIRUBIN
* Biliary obstruction (gall stones) * Pancreatic (head) cancer * Dubin-Johnson Syndrome * Alcoholic and viral hepatitis * Biliary atresia * Hepatocellular disease
65
PRE/POST/HEPATIC JAUNDICE
INCREASED TOTAL BILIRUBIN
66
Colorless end product of bilirubin metabolism that is oxidized by intestinal flora to urobilin/stercobilin
UROBILINOGEN
67
In cases of COMPLETE biliary obstruction → _______ urobilinogen (due to failure in B2 transport to interstine
ABSENT
68
Urobilinogen Collection of sample
avoid light exposure
69
Urobilinogen Specimen
2-hr freshly collected urine or freshly collected stool.
70
Urobilinogen method
Ehrlich’s method (p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde) PDABA
71
Urobilinogen urine reference value
0.1-1.0 Ehrlich Unit/2 hour or 0.54 Ehrlich Unit/day urine
72
Urobilinogen stool reference value
75-275 Ehrlich Unit/100g of feces
73
Test for hepatocellular function and potency of bile duct
BROMSULFONTHALEIN (BSP) DYE EXCRETION TEST
74
Rarely used as it involves administration of bromsulfonthalein dye
BROMSULFONTHALEIN (BSP) DYE EXCRETION TEST
75
BROMSULFONTHALEIN (BSP) DYE EXCRETION TEST principle
injection of bromsulfonthalein dye (waste) to the body
76
BROMSULFONTHALEIN (BSP) DYE EXCRETION TEST 2 methods of administration
1. ROSENTHAL WHITE METHOD (Double collection) 2. MAC DONALD METHOD (Single collection)
77
ROSENTHAL WHITE METHOD Specimen collection
o 5 mins after BSP administration o 30 mins after BSP administration
78
ROSENTHAL WHITE METHOD BSP DOSE
2 mg/kg body weight
79
ROSENTHAL WHITE METHOD reference value
* After 5 mins: 50% dye retention * After 30 mins: 0% dye retention
80
MAC DONALD METHOD BSP dose
5 mg/kg body weight
81
MAC DONALD METHOD Specimen collection
after 45 mins
82
MAC DONALD METHOD reference value
After 45 minutes: (slightly) +/- 5% dye retention

FINALS CC 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions