Tests Flashcards

1
Q

Test for carboxylic acids

A
  • Add sodium carbonate to the sample.
  • effervescence
  • gas produced turns limewater cloudy
  • a carboxylic acid is present.
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2
Q

Test for aldehydes

A
  • -Add Tollen’s reagent and heat.
  • -A silver mirror indicates the presence of an aldehyde.
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3
Q

Test for acyl chlorides

A
  • -Add water to the sample slowly.
    • If white misty fumes are given off, an acyl chloride is present.
  • -Acyl chlorides release chloride ions very readily to give hydrogen chloride gas.
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4
Q

Test for amines

A
  • -Add universal indicator to the sample.
  • -If it turns blue/purple an amine is present.
  • -It will also have a fishy smell.
  • Amines are basic.
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5
Q

Test for alcohols

A
  • -Alcohols react with carboxylic acids in the presence of sulphuric acid to make esters.
  • -Add ethanoic acid to the sample, followed by sulphuric acid and heat.
    • If a the mixture starts smelling sweet and fruity an alcohol was present.
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6
Q

Distinguishing tests for primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

A
  • Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes.
  • Secondary alcohols are oxidized to form ketones.
  • Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized.
  • -Add potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid to the mixture and warm gently.
  • -If the mixture goes green a primary or secondary alcohol is present.
  • -If it does not go green a tertiary alcohol is present.
  • If the mixture does go green, add Tollens reagent to the mixture and heat.
  • Silver mirror= 1• alcohol
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7
Q

Distinguish acyl chloride from chloroalkane

A
  • Add water
  • Acylchloride gives white fumes
  • No reaction from chloroalkane
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8
Q
A
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