testing and treatment

Question 1

radical

Answer 1

curative intent

Question 2

palliative

Answer 2

non-curative

Question 3

adjuvant

Answer 3

after surgery, reduces risk of recurrence

Question 4

neo-adjuvant

Answer 4

before asurgery - to shrink tumour before removal

Question 5

progression free survival

Answer 5

time living with cancer that isnt getting worse

Question 6

an amino acid change is most likely activate an oncogene t/f

Answer 6

true

Question 7

mismatch repair cancers are more responsive to chemotherapy t.f

Answer 7

true

Question 8

define driver mutations

Answer 8

drive carcinogens and the cancers characteristic rather than the tissue

Question 9

passenger mutations

Answer 9

develop due to the state of the tissue

Question 10

NGS machine is used to identify

Answer 10

driver mutations

Question 11

modifying risk 3

Answer 11

screening
hormonal manipulation
surgical intervention

Question 12

tumour behaviour is determined by

Answer 12

somatic behaviour

Question 13

classic description of primary lung cancer

Answer 13

solid opacity

stellate in shape

Question 14

HCG and AFP are diagnostic markers for

Answer 14

germ cell tumours

Question 15

lynch syndrome is identified by _____ _____, due to a mutation in ____ ____, most common in ascending colon but can occur in _______

Answer 15

microsatellite instability
mismatch repair
endometrium

Question 16

how does radiation kll cells

Answer 16

DNA damage

Question 17

side effects of radiation

Answer 17

skin fibrosis, menopause, faecal/bladder instability

Question 18

activation of Bcl2 leads to

Answer 18

evasion of apoptosis

Question 19

grading of malignancy is based on

Answer 19

degree of cytological atypia

Question 20

asbestosis can cause 2

Answer 20

mesothelioma

pulmonary adenocarcinoma

Question 21

plummer vinson can lead to what type of oesophageal cancer

Answer 21

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 22

4 cancers related to obesity

Answer 22

breast
colon
renal
oesophageal

Question 23

PSC / PBC, which one more likely to cause cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 23

PSC

Question 24

a mutation in the promotor would lead to

Answer 24

the absence of the protein

Question 25

a well circumscribed tumour protruding into the bronchus with a yellow cut surface describes

Answer 25

carcinoid tumour

Question 26

HPV causes cancer through

Answer 26

p53 degredation

Question 27

where does p53 cause cell cycle arrest

Answer 27

between G1 and S

Question 28

common side effects of chemo

Answer 28

diarrhoea
neutropenic fever
alopecia
altered taste

Question 29

t/f sensitivity is the most important characteristic of a test in relation to diagnosis of malignancy

Answer 29

true

Question 30

define carcinoid tumour

Answer 30

small growing tumour origiinates in cells of neuroendocrine system
dont spread

Question 31

t/f indigestion is a likely late side effect of chemo

Answer 31

false