biochem Flashcards
what is PSA
tumour marker for prostate cancer
PSA elevation is enough to diagnose prostate cancer
no
must do biopsy to confirm diagnosis
define false positives
people who are labelled as having the disease when they dont
define false negatives
those who have been labelled as healthy when in fact have the disease
total disease present equals
true positives + false negatives
total disease absent equals
false positives + true negatives
Enzymes in heart
Troponin I and K
CK
AST
LDH
enzymes in pancreas
amylase
lipase
Enzymes in liver
AST
ALT
ALP
GGT
a high ALT alone indicates
paracetamol overdose
signs/symptoms of hyprcalcaemia
stones
bones
groans
psychiatric undertones
which gland controls calcium production
parathyroid
painless jaundice indicates
pancreatic cancer
pleural effusion is transudate if
protein <30g/l
LDH < 2/3 ULN
cardiac failure/ nephrotic syndrome
cushings syndrome
too much cortisol in blood
ankle oedema
ACTH can cause cushings syndrome, what type of cancer is likely to produce ACTH
small cell
ectopic ACTH adenoma stimulates the adrenal cortex, what gland is meant to do this
pituitary gland
High ALP and GGT indicates
cholecystitis
define sensitivity
percentage of people with disease with a positive test
calculate sensitivity
true positives/ total disease present
specificity
percentage of people without disease with a negative test
calculate specificity
true negatives/ total disease absent
recurrent DVTs and no risk factors may indicate
malignancy
