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CLASP - Cancer > biochem > Flashcards

biochem Flashcards

1
Q

what is PSA

A

tumour marker for prostate cancer

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2
Q

PSA elevation is enough to diagnose prostate cancer

A

no

must do biopsy to confirm diagnosis

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3
Q

define false positives

A

people who are labelled as having the disease when they dont

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4
Q

define false negatives

A

those who have been labelled as healthy when in fact have the disease

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5
Q

total disease present equals

A

true positives + false negatives

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6
Q

total disease absent equals

A

false positives + true negatives

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7
Q

Enzymes in heart

A

Troponin I and K
CK
AST
LDH

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8
Q

enzymes in pancreas

A

amylase

lipase

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9
Q

Enzymes in liver

A

AST
ALT
ALP
GGT

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10
Q

a high ALT alone indicates

A

paracetamol overdose

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11
Q

signs/symptoms of hyprcalcaemia

A

stones
bones
groans
psychiatric undertones

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12
Q

which gland controls calcium production

A

parathyroid

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13
Q

painless jaundice indicates

A

pancreatic cancer

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14
Q

pleural effusion is transudate if

A

protein <30g/l
LDH < 2/3 ULN
cardiac failure/ nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

cushings syndrome

A

too much cortisol in blood

ankle oedema

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16
Q

ACTH can cause cushings syndrome, what type of cancer is likely to produce ACTH

A

small cell

17
Q

ectopic ACTH adenoma stimulates the adrenal cortex, what gland is meant to do this

A

pituitary gland

18
Q

High ALP and GGT indicates

A

cholecystitis

19
Q

define sensitivity

A

percentage of people with disease with a positive test

20
Q

calculate sensitivity

A

true positives/ total disease present

21
Q

specificity

A

percentage of people without disease with a negative test

22
Q

calculate specificity

A

true negatives/ total disease absent

23
Q

recurrent DVTs and no risk factors may indicate

A

malignancy

CLASP - Cancer (4 decks)

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