Testing and Individual Differences

Question 1

G FACTOR

Answer 1

The notion, proposed by Charles Spearman, of a general intelligence factor that is responsible for a
person’s overall performance on tests of mental ability.

Question 2

FLUID INTELLIGENCE

Answer 2

Aspects of innate intelligence, including reasoning abilities, memory, and speed of information
processing, that are relatively independent of education and tend to decline as people age.

Question 3

CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

Answer 3

Knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that tend to increase over the life
span.

Question 4

STANDARDIZATION

Answer 4

Establishment of norms and uniform procedures for giving and scoring a test.

Question 5

RELIABILITY

Answer 5

Measure of consistency and reproducibility of test scores during repeated administrations of a test

Question 6

VALIDITY

Answer 6

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure.

Question 7

SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY

Answer 7

Observations or behaviors that result primarily from expectations.