Personality

Question 1

THE ID

Answer 1

According to Freud, the id is completely unconscious. It consists of innate sexual and aggressive
instincts and drives. The id is impulsive, irrational, and immature. It operates on a pleasure
principle, seeking to achieve immediate gratification and avoid discomfort.

Question 2

THE SUPEREGO

Answer 2

According to Freud, the superego is partly conscious. It consists of internalized parental and societal
standards. The superego operates on a morality principle, seeking to enforce ethical conduct.

Question 3

THE EGO

Answer 3

According to Freud, the ego resides in the conscious and preconscious levels of awareness. The ego
is rational and practical. It operates on a reality principle, seeking to mediate between the demands
of the id and the superego.

Question 4

DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Answer 4

In Freudian theory, the ego’s protective method of reducing anxiety and distorting reality.

Question 5

REPRESSION

Answer 5

Freud’s first and most basic defense mechanism. Repression prevents unacceptable impulses from
coming into conscious awareness.

Question 6

SELF-EFFICACY

Answer 6

The feelings of self-confidence or self-doubt that people bring to a specific situation.

Question 7

LOCUS OF CONTROL

Answer 7

Individuals who accept personal responsibility for their life experiences have an internal locus of
control. Individuals who believe that most situations are governed by chance have an external locus
of control.

Question 8

FIVE-FACTOR MODEL

Answer 8

Trait theory of personality that includes openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness,
and neuroticism.