Chapter 2 History and Approaches

Question 1

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 1

work of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner

Emphasizes observable behavior that can be objectively measured.

Question 2

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 2

work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Emphasizes the
importance of self-esteem, free will, and choice in human behavior.

Question 3

PSYCHOANALYTIC/PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Answer 3

work of Sigmund Freud

Emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts
in determining behavior and personality.

Question 4

COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

Answer 4

cognitive perspective compares the mind to a computer
that encodes, processes, and stores information. Cognitive psychologists emphasize thinking,
perceiving, and information processing.

Question 5

Biological Perspective

Answer 5

Emphasizes genetics, the roles of various parts of the brain, and the structure and function of
individual nerve cells.

Question 6

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 6

influenced charles darwin

Emphasizes the role played by natural
selection and adaptation in the evolution of behavior and mental processes.