Testicular Tumors

Question 1

The cells often have clear cytoplasm which contains (1).

Answer 1

1. glycogen refers to seminomas

Question 2

They often contain areas of (1) and, unlike most malignancies at other body sites, they can be highly treatable even after metastasis to other tissues.

Answer 2

1. sheets of undifferentiated cells with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis refers to embryonal carcinoma

Question 3

Immunostaining of the cytoplasm also often shows (1) which is a tyrosine kinase for which there is a targeted therapeutic agent.

Answer 3

1. activated c-kit refers to seminomas

Question 4

Adolescent patients with (1) tumors can have puberty at an earlier age (precocious puberty).

Answer 4

1. Leydig cell

Question 5

Because (1) tumors can secrete hormones (androgens, estrogen, corticosteroids) the patients can present with (2)

Answer 5

1. Leydig cell 2. gynecomastia.

Question 6

The Leydig cells are usually (1) so they generally grow as (2)

Answer 6

1. interstitial (not part of tubules) 2. sheets of cells without a tubular or glandular structure.

Question 7

Gynecomastia

Answer 7

Choriocarcinoma; Leydig cell tumor

Question 8

(1) can also be found arising in the testis and can involve (2) and include tissues such as cartilage, hair, brain tissue, respiratory tissue, or even teeth.

Answer 8

1. Teratomas 2. ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm

Question 9

The trophoblast tissue expresses (1) which can also be present at elevated levels in the blood.

Answer 9

1. beta human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta hCG) refers to Choriocarcinomas of the testis

Question 10

(1) is the most common subtype of non-seminoma germ cell tumor.

Answer 10

1. Embryonal carcinoma

Question 11

Seminomas are more likely to occur in patients with?

Answer 11

cryptorchism or undescended testicle.

Question 12

Hallmark of Leydig cell tumor

Answer 12

Crystals of Reinke

Question 13

The most common type of germ cell malignancy is the (1) which are tumors with the histological appearance of (2) surrounded by (3) which are infiltrated by (4)

Answer 13

1. seminoma 2. nests or sheets of cells 3. fibrous bands 4. lymphocytes.

Question 14

This subtype occurs in older men and only rarely metastasizes.

Answer 14

spermacytic seminoma

Question 15

Most germ cell tumors are thought to arise from (1) cells which are a precursor to the germ cell lesions.

Answer 15

1. intratubal neoplastic

Question 16

(1) are relatively rare NSGTs which characteristically show a histologic feature known as a Schiller-Duval body which is a (2)

Answer 16

1. Yolk sac tumors 2. capillary surrounded by an epithelial layer.

Question 17

Although a rare neoplasm, it can be found in infants in whom it has a better prognosis than in older males.

Answer 17

Yolk sac tumors

Question 18

The neoplasms have a placental morphology containing malignant trophoblast with both malignant syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells present.

Answer 18

Choriocarcinomas of the testis

Question 19

(2) can present with (1) because the primary tumors frequently metastasize to the lung and invade the bronchus.

Answer 19

2. Choriocarcinomas of the testis 1. hemoptysis

Question 20

Gynecomastia Lump/swelling in testicle Sexual precocity

Answer 20

Leydig cell tumor

Question 21

Individuals with (1) have an increased risk of germ cell tumors, especially (2)

Answer 21

1. Klinefelter’s syndrome with the XXY genotype 2. seminoma.

Question 22

Non-seminoma germ cell tumors (NSGT) can occur either as pure examples or as mixtures containing (1) along with another of the subtypes.

Answer 22

1. embryonal carcinoma

Question 23

A subtype of seminoma known as (1) has the appearance of more mature spermatogonia and even spermatids.

Answer 23

1. spermacytic seminoma

Question 24

The Sertoli cells are normally present within the (1) and their tumors sometimes reproduce the (2) structures but lack the normal (3), appearing instead as just groups of (4)

Answer 24

1. convoluted seminiferous tubules 2. tubular 3. interstitial cells 4. tubules without sperm development.

Question 25

Most male testicular tumors are derived from (1) cells which is probably not surprising because they are cells which are destined to contribute to the formation of the entire body.

Answer 25

1. germ

Question 26

These bodies can contain (1) which is also found at elevated levels within the blood of these patients.

Answer 26

1. alpha fetoprotein (AFP) found in Schiller Duval bodies found in yolk sac tumors

Question 27

Gynecomastia Hemoptysis Increased hCG Hemorrhage and necrosis in tumor

Answer 27

Choriocarcinoma

Question 28

Non-seminoma germ cell tumors (NSGT) include?

Answer 28

embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumors, choriocarcinoma, and teratomas.

Question 29

1) and 2) do NOT arise from the precursor lesion called Intratubular germ cell neoplasia

Answer 29

Pediatric teratomas;

adult spermatocytic seminoma