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RENAL Pathology > Rapid Review > Flashcards

Rapid Review Flashcards

1
Q

Silver staining shows focal disruption of glomerular basement membranes and crescent formation within Bowman’s space

A

ANCA glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

hematuria and hemoptysis

A

Goodpasture’s

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3
Q

tuberous sclerosis

A

angiomyolipoma

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4
Q

encodes protein for ubiquitin ligase complex promoting degradation of protein which promotes cell growth and angiogenesis

A

VHL gene promotes degradation of HIF-1

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5
Q

granular deposition of IgA within mesangium

A

IgA nephropathy

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6
Q

perinephric abscess

A

acute pyelonephritis (from pyonephrosis)

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7
Q

granular casts

A

acute tubular necrosis

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8
Q

double contour basement membrane

A

type I MPGN

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9
Q

stenosis of renal artery

A

renovascular hypertension

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10
Q

double-contour basement membrane, with mesangial interposition and prominent subendothelial deposits

A

Type I MPGN

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11
Q

Schiller Duval bodies

A

yolk sac tumors

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12
Q

blastemal, stromal, epithelial cell types with abortive tubules or glomeruli

A

Wilms tumor

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13
Q

central and transitional zones of prostate

A

BPH

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14
Q

subepithelial humps

A

PSGN

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15
Q

nephrocalcinosis

A

renal tubular acidosis

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16
Q

decreased vitamin D

A

chronic renal failure

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17
Q

tubilitis or endarteritis

A

acute cellular allograft rejection

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18
Q

increased mesangial matrix, basement membrane thickened w/ segmental splitting

A

Type II MPGN

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19
Q

antibody antigen reactions in podocytes and basement membrane

A

Minimal change disease

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20
Q

type I hypersensitivity, basophils, IgE

A

acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

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21
Q

radiolucent

A

uric acid - not visible on x-ray

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22
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

bladder cancer and hemorrhagic cystitis

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23
Q

strongly eosinophilic cells with numerous mitochondria

A

renal oncocytoma tumors

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24
Q

Celiac disease

A

IgA nephropathy

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25
Q

fetal appearance with immature glomeruli and cartilage surrounding mesenchyme

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney

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26
Q

loss of function of tumor suppressor gene VHL on chromosome 3

A

clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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27
Q

dilated atrophic tubules with eosinophilic hyaline casts

A

thyroidization of chronic pyelonephritis

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28
Q

ETS overexpression

A

prostate adenocarcinoma resistant to androgen blockade

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29
Q

thickened basement membrane and mesangium

A

stage II diabetic nephropathy

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30
Q

Fanconi’s syndrome

A

type II renal tubular acidosis; proximal tubule

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31
Q

glomerular lobulation is accentuated. Increased mesangial cells and matrix capillary wall

A

Type I MPGN

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32
Q

postrenal azotemia

A

bilateral outflow obstruction

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33
Q

epithelial cells retraction of cytoplasm from basement membrane, development of microvilli

A

minimal change disease

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34
Q

hyaline casts in distal tubule and collecting ducts, interstitial edema and leukocytes

A

acute renal failure

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35
Q

proliferation of capillary endothelial cells

A

PSGN

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36
Q

C3 and properdin deposits in BM

A

Type II MPGN

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37
Q

metastasizes to lungs and bone marrow

A

renal cell carcinoma

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38
Q

edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia

A

chronic renal failure

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39
Q

loss of genomic imprinting of IGF2

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann

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40
Q

immune complexes found in mesangial cells

A

SLE membranous nephropathy

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41
Q

large cystic dilation of the kidney with atrophic cortex

A

irreversible changes due to obstruction leading to hydronephrosis

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42
Q

granular appearance due to IgG and C3 deposition along GBM

A

PSGN

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43
Q

acute pancreatitis

A

acute tubular necrosis

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44
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann

A

Wilms tumor nephroblastoma

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45
Q

fibrin in Bowman’s space

A

RPGN

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46
Q

thickening of basement membrane

A

membranous nephropathy

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47
Q

IgA deposits in mesangium

A

IgA Nephropathy

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48
Q

loss of function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes

A

angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis

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49
Q

peripheral zones of prostate

A

prostate adenocarcinoma

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50
Q

cells with clear cytoplasm containing glycogen

A

seminomas

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51
Q

Diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary BM and increased amount of mesangial matrix with mild mesangial cell proliferation (mesangial enlargement)

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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52
Q

crystalline like lattices on electron microscopy

A

polyomavirus

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53
Q

capillary wall thickening, hypercellularity and small crescents

A

Type II MPGN

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54
Q

small kidney with tubular ischemic atrophy without much interstitial fibrosis

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

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55
Q

collagen deposition in mesangium and capillary loops and plasma proteins in glomerular structures

A

FSGS

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56
Q

ureaplasma urealyticum

A

chronic abacterial prostatitis

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57
Q

Increased mesangium and BM thickness

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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58
Q

medullary sponge kidney

A

nephrolithiasis

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59
Q

central scarring

A

renal oncocytoma

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60
Q

Congo red stain

A

amyloid nephropathy

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61
Q

fusion of foot processes

A

nephrotic in general, minimal change disease, and diabetic nephropathy

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62
Q

exposure to asbestos

A

renal cell carcinoma

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63
Q

diffuse granular staining of capillary walls for IgG and C3 and for terminal complement components: MAC C5b, C6 - C9

A

membranous nephropathy

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64
Q

abnormal bumpy shape of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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65
Q

alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen

A

Goodpasture’s

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66
Q

Hypercellular and enlarged glomeruli, neutrophils; proliferation of capillary endothelial cells

A

PSGN

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67
Q

pinkish fibrin like material found in vessel wall replacing viable cells which are now dead

A

fibrinoid necrosis - HTN

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68
Q

eosinophilic cells with numerous mitochondria

A

renal oncocytoma

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69
Q

uteropelvic obstruction or ureteral atresia

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney

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70
Q

lead exposure

A

uric acid stones

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71
Q

2-napthylamine exposure

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

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72
Q

thickening of medial arterial smooth muscle alternating with atrophy

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

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73
Q

subendothelial deposits and lobulated glomeruli; increased mesangial cells and basement membrane

A

Type I MPGN

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74
Q

placental morphology containing malignant trophoblast with malignant synctriotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells present

A

choriocarcinoma

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75
Q

sickle cell disease

A

FSGS

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76
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia

A

renovascular hypertension

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77
Q

tumor lysis syndrome seen with chemotherapy

A

uric acid stones

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78
Q

thryoidization

A

chronic pyelonephritis

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79
Q

cryptochordism or undescended testes

A

seminomas

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80
Q

Bcl-2 and Bcl-x

A

anti apoptotic

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81
Q

pregnancy

A

UTIs and acute pyelonephritis

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82
Q

anemia

A

ESRD

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83
Q

gynecomastia

A

Leydig cell tumors

Choriocarcinoma

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84
Q

granular staining for C3 in the capillary walls and mesangium

A

Type I MPGN

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85
Q

peripheral eosinophilia

A

acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

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86
Q

diffuse thinning of basement membrane

A

benign familial hematuria aka thin BM lesion

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87
Q

capillary wall thickening, hypercellularity, small crescent

A

type II MPGN

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88
Q

multiple myeloma

A

amyloid nephropathy with immunoglobulin light chain amyloid

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89
Q

mutation in nephrin and podocin

A

proteinuria - components of slit diaphragm

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90
Q

radiographic contrast media

A

acute tubular necrosis

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91
Q

irregular thickening of BM, lamination of lamina densa, foci of rarefaction

A

Alport syndrome

92
Q

fatty change followed by necrosis

A

acute renal failure due to carbon tetrachloride

93
Q

fibrinoid necrosis

A

very high blood pressure

94
Q

proliferation of parietal cells, infiltration of monocytes and macrophages

A

RPGN

95
Q

mutation in dibasic acid transporter

A

cystinuria

96
Q

chronic TB

A

amyloid nephropathy with serum amyloid A protein

97
Q

hyaline atherosclerosis

A

essential HTN affects afferent arteriole

diabetes affects both arterioles (but efferent more so)

98
Q

renal papillary necrosis seen in?

A

diabetes and acute pyelonephritis

99
Q

calcification within tubules and interstitium

A

nephrocalcinosis

100
Q

induced by mixture of aspirin and phenacetin

A

renal papillary necrosis

101
Q

lobulated glomeruli, increasing mesangial cells and basement membrane, sub endothelial deposits

A

type I MPGN

102
Q

thickening of pertibular capillary basement membranes and mesangial widening of glomeruli

A

chronic cellular allograft rejection

103
Q

activating MET mutations

A

papillary renal cell carcinoma

104
Q

11p13 germline deletion

A

Wager syndrome; Wilms’ tumor

105
Q

polyomavirus

A

acute pyelonephritis in immunocomprised along with CMV and adenovirus

106
Q

WBC casts

A

acute pyelonephritis

107
Q

pleiomorphic cells surrounding a fibrovascular core

A

papillary transitional carcinoma of bladder

108
Q

pregnancy

A

acute pyelonephritis, UTI

109
Q

vegan diet

A

hyperoxaluria –>calcium oxalate stone

110
Q

pelvic irradiation

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

111
Q

osteomyelitis

A

type I membranoproliferative GN

112
Q

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

A

IgA nephropathy

113
Q

precipitate at high pH

A

calcium phosphate, triple phosphate

114
Q

prominent nucleoli

A

prostate adenocarcinoma

115
Q

activated c-kit

A

seminomas

116
Q

aniridia, genital abnormalities, retardation

A

Wager syndrome - Wilm’s tumor

117
Q

Wager syndrome

A

Wilms tumor nephroblastoma

118
Q

Focal accumulations of mesangial matrix (lipids and fibrin) located in periphery

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Lesions (LM)

119
Q

obesity

A

FSGS

120
Q

leucine crystals

A

maple syrup urine disease

121
Q

linear deposits of IgG and C3 in GBM

A

Goodpasture’s

122
Q

beads on string arteriogram

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

123
Q

mesangial proliferation

A

IgA Nephropathy

124
Q

symptom - intestinal obstruction

A

Wilms tumor

125
Q

neutrophils replaced by lymphocytes followed by irregular scar formation which can be visualized on the cortical surface as fibrous depressions

A

acute pyelonephritis - healing

126
Q

dominant negative inactivating mutation of WT1

A

Denys-Drash syndrome

127
Q

segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis

A

FSGS

128
Q

amorphous undigestible acellular material in mesangium or renal tubules

A

amyloid nephropathy

129
Q

triple phosphate stones

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; proteus infection

130
Q

HIV infection

A

FSGS

131
Q

sub epithelial immune complex deposits between basement membrane and podocytes

A

membranous nephropathy

132
Q

carbon tetrachloride

A

acute tubular necrosis

133
Q

edema and inflammation in interstitium

A

acute tubular necrosis

134
Q

Denys-Drash

A

Wilms tumor nephroblastoma

135
Q

bands of capillary wall staining and coarse granular staining for C3 in mesangial cells

A

Type II MPGN

136
Q

aneurysmal dilations of capillaries

A

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules

137
Q

X linked

A

Alport syndrome

138
Q

mutations in alternative complement pathway (factor H)

A

type II MPGN

139
Q

Schistosoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

140
Q

pyonephrosis

A

acute pyelonephritis

141
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

metastatic calcification

142
Q

cirrhosis

A

IgA nephropathy

143
Q

Granular “lumpy-bumpy” appearance due to IgG and C3 deposition in capillary walls and mesangium

A

PSGN

144
Q

gonadal dysgenesis and early onset nephropathy with renal failure

A

Denys-Drash –> Wilms tumor nephroblastoma

145
Q

sub endothelial deposits

A

type I MPGN

146
Q

alpha fetoprotein

A

Schiller Duval bodies of yolk sac tumors

147
Q

IgM and C3 on IF

A

FSGS

148
Q

IF: trapping of IgM and C3 in the segmental areas of sclerosis and hyalinosis

A

FSGS

149
Q

sarcoidosis

A

metastatic calcification granulomatous prostatitis

150
Q

mitochondria of renal tubular epithelial cells contain abundant calcium deposits

A

nephrocalcinosis

151
Q

avoid ACE inhibitors

A

renovascular hypertension

152
Q

intrarenal renal failure

A

acute tubular necrosis

153
Q

exposure to heavy metals

A

renal cell carcinoma and acute tubular necrosis

154
Q

glomeruli enlarged, hypercellular, neutrophils

A

PSGN

155
Q

pericarditis

A

ESRD

156
Q

LINEAR deposits of IgG and C3 in glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasture’s

157
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome XXY

A

seminoma

158
Q

mutation in type IV collagen

A

Alport syndrome benign familial hematuria (certain chains thereof)

159
Q

mutations in SLC3A1

A

recessive cystinuria

160
Q

C3 nephritic factor

A

type II MPGN

161
Q

groups of tubular structures lacking normal interstitial cells without sperm development

A

Sertoli cell tumors

162
Q

Crystals of Reinke

A

Leydig cell tumor

163
Q

sheets or nests of cells surrounded by fibrous bands which are infiltrated by lymphocytes

A

seminoma

164
Q

interstitium fibrotic with lymphocyte infiltrate

A

chronic pyelonephritis

165
Q

mutations in SLC7A9

A

dominant cystinuria

166
Q

posterior urethral valves

A

UT obstruction, hydronephrosis, acute pyelonephritis

167
Q

intranuclear inclusions and nuclear enlargement

A

polyomavirus

168
Q

cutaneous bruising

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

169
Q

precipitate at low pH

A

calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine

170
Q

pale cortex with hyperemic medullary regions

A

acute tubular necrosis

171
Q

deafness, eye problems, glomerulonephritis

A

Alport syndrome

172
Q

BPH

A

hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis

173
Q

osteolytic cancer metastasis

A

metastatic calcification

174
Q

subepithelial immune complex humps between basement membrane and podocytes

A

PSGN

175
Q

loss of imprinting of the maternal gene allowing for overexpression of IGF-2

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome –> Wilms tumor nephroblastoma

176
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

type I membranoproliferative GN

177
Q

crescent moon shape consisting of fibrin with proliferation of parietal cells and infiltration of monocytes and macrophages

A

RPGN

178
Q

trophoblast tissue expresses beta hCG

A

choriocarcinoma

179
Q

sexual precocity

A

Leydig cell tumor

180
Q

p16, p53, and loss of chromosome 9

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

181
Q

urinary loss of amino acids and phosphate

A

Fanconi’s

182
Q

heroin abuse

A

FSGS

183
Q

hemoptysis

A

choriocarcinoma

Goodpasture’s

any cancer which has lung metastasis

184
Q

irregular thickening of basement membrane, lamination of lamina dens, foci of rarefaction

A

Alport Syndrome

185
Q

hypocalcemia

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure

186
Q

trisomy 7, trisomy 17, loss of Y chromosome

A

sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma

187
Q

granulomatous prostatitis

A

TB, sarcoidosis, fungal infections

188
Q

renal artery vasculitis

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

189
Q

octahedral crystals

A

calcium oxalate

190
Q

round shape, clear border, darker center crystals

A

leucine crystals MSUD

191
Q

dystrophic calcification

A

calcium phosphate stone

192
Q

hexagonal crystals

A

cystine

193
Q

inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase

A

tumor suppressor gene p16 (INK4A) in bladder cancer

194
Q

nephritic syndrome s/s

A

hematuria

mild proteinuria

decreased renal fx manifested as:

edema

oliguria

elevated BUN and Cr

decreased GFR

decreased Na+ delivery to distal tubule can lead to HTN

195
Q

schistocytes

A

RBCs lysed by extremely high blood pressure

196
Q

wedge shaped scars mixed with relatively normal renal tissue

A

nephrocalcinosis

197
Q

renal pelvis abscesses

A

diabetic nephropathy

198
Q

deletion of tumor suppressor gene WT1 on chromosome 11

A

Wilms’ tumor

199
Q

unilateral yellow mass

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

200
Q

gentamicin

A

acute tubular necrosis

201
Q

necrosis due to ischemia from poor blood flow

A

coagulative necrosis

202
Q

hydropic degeneration of PCT

A

acute renal failure due to ethylene glycol

203
Q

trisomy 7

A

familial papillary renal cell carcinoma

204
Q

fistulas

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

205
Q

C3 and properdin deposition in BM

A

type II MPGN

206
Q

collections of neutrophils within tubules or interstitium

A

acute pyelonephritis

207
Q

coagulative necrosis without inflammation

A

ischemic acute tubular necrosis

208
Q

white frost on skin

A

ESRD

209
Q

metastasizes to liver, lungs, bone marrow

A

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

210
Q

unilateral renal agenesis

A

FSGS

211
Q

risk of spontaneous hemorrhage

A

angiomyolipoma

212
Q

chlamydia

A

chronic abacterial prostatitis

213
Q

collapse of glomerular capillaries, increased matrix material (sclerosis), and podocyte

A

HIV - collapsing pattern of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

214
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure

215
Q

congenital mutations in chloride channels leading to increase calcium, phosphate, and amino acids in urine

A

Dent’s disease

216
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

amyloid nephropathy with serum amyloid A protein

217
Q

hypotension, shock

A

prerenal azotemia

218
Q

neutrophils, coagulative necrosis, and conserved tubule outlines

A

renal papillary necrosis

219
Q

Hodgkin disease and T cell lymphoma

A

minimal change disease

220
Q

intramembranous deposits (dense) and thickening of basement membrane

A

Type II MPGN

221
Q

Sjogren’s

A

type I renal tubular acidosis; distal tubule

222
Q

lipid filled macrophages

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

223
Q

SLE

A

membranous nephropathy

224
Q

Macrophage accumulation surrounding struvite stones

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

225
Q

Macrophage accumulation in cortex

A

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

RENAL Pathology (21 decks)

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