Diseases with STAGES

Question 1

↑GFR due to constriction of the EFFERENT arteriole

Answer 1

Stage 1: Hyperfunction/hypertrophy (diabetic)

Question 2

thickening of BM and expansion of mesangium; normal GFR

Answer 2

Stage 2: Silent stage (diabetic)

Question 3

MICROalbuminuria;

GFR dec.

Answer 3

Stage 3: Incipient stage (diabetic)

Question 4

MACROalbuminuria, decreased GFR and hypertension

Answer 4

Stage 4: Overt diabetic nephropathy (diabetic)

Question 5

ESRD

GFR

Answer 5

Stage 5: Uremic (diabetic)

Question 6

subepithelial dense deposits w/o adjacent projections of GBM material.

Answer 6

Stage 1 membranous

Question 7

projections of GBM material around these dense deposits

Answer 7

Stage 2 membranous

Question 8

enclosure of the dense deposits within the GBM material

Answer 8

Stage 3 membranous

Question 9

rarefaction of the deposits within a thickened GBM.

Answer 9

Stage 4 membranous

Question 10

Immediate rise in BP is due to hyperreninemeia

Answer 10

STAGE 1:Renovascular HTN:

Question 11

Stenotic kidney –> ↑renin and retains sodium and water

Contralateral non-stenotic kidney –> ↓ renin production

Answer 11

STAGE 2:Renovascular HTN:

Question 12

HTN leads to renal hypoperfusion of BOTH KIDNEYS

Answer 12

STAGE 3:Renovascular HTN:

Question 13

Glomerular hyperfiltration

Answer 13

Stage 1 diabetic

Question 14

Thickened BM; Expanded mesagium

Answer 14

Stage 2: Silent Stage; diabetic

Question 15

Type 1 diabetes INC. BP; Type II normal

Answer 15

Stage 3 Insipient Stage

Question 16

Type I and Type II normal BP

Answer 16

Stage 1 and 2

Question 17

Type i and II HTN

Answer 17

Stage 4 and 5

Question 18

Stage 1 through 4 GFR in diabetic Nephropathy

Answer 18

Stage I INC.
II--> NORMAL
III--> GFR begins to fall
IV--> GFR DEC more
V--> 0-10 (esrd)

Question 19

Alport vs benign familial hematuria EM

Answer 19

Alport–> irregular thickening of basement membrane; foci of rarefaction;
Bfh–> diffuse thinning of BM

Question 20

AKI

Slight oliguria with INC. in BUN

Answer 20

Initiation phase AKI

Question 21

AKI
Inc. Oliguria; rising BUN;
HYPERkalemia
Metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

Maintenance phase

Question 22

AKI
Polyuria
HYPOkalemia

Answer 22

Recovery phase AKI

Question 23

Chronic renal:

GFR 50%; normal BUN:Cr; asymptomatic

Answer 23

Stage I: Dim. Renal reserve

Question 24

Chronic Renal:
GFR 20-50%
Polyuria and nocturia

Answer 24

Stage II: Renal insuff

Question 25

Chronic renal:

GFR

Answer 25

Stage III: Chronic Renal failure

Question 26

Chronic renal:

GFR

Answer 26

Stage 4: ESRD

Question 27

renal osteodystrophy

Answer 27

Chronic renal faiulre

Question 28

MAD HUNGER

Answer 28

Metabolic Acidosis
Dyslipidemia
HYPERkalemia
Uremia
Na+/H2O retention--> edema
Growth retardation
Erythropoietin failure (anemia)
Renal osteodystrophy (hypocalcemia)

Question 29

HYPERkalemia

Answer 29

Chronic renal failure

AKI

Question 30

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 30

AKI

Chronic Renal failure

Question 31

S/s of uremia

Answer 31

Pericarditis;
Frost on SKIN
Coagulopathy
Asterixis

Question 32

Frost on SKIN

Answer 32

uremia; chronic kidney injury

Question 33

Pericarditis;

Answer 33

uremia; Stage IV chronic renal failure

Question 34

See uremia in what stage of chronic renal failure:

Answer 34

Last stage; stage IV–> ESRD

Question 35

Sheets of undifferentiated cells with hemorrhage and necrosis

Answer 35

Embryonal carcinoma