Testicular Pathologies Flashcards
What are the 2 most common types of Testicular cancer?
Which is the most common type? This one can be broken down into 2 subtypes. What are they?
Which tends to metastasize by blood more and which tends to do it via lymph. Seminoma or non-seminoma?
Give 4 RFs for Testicular cancer
Which side are you more likely to get testicular cancer?
Right side is more likely as it is the more likely side for undescended testis (RF)
Give the typical presentation + signs of testicular Ca
Is a biopsy performed for testicular tumours?
What tumour markers are associated with testicular cancer and hence must be screened?
LDH
Beta-HCG
AFP
What investigations will you order for a patient with testicular cancer?
What is the management of testicular cancer?
A patient presents with acute testicular pain. What are your top differentials?
Testicular torsion
Trauma
Acute Epididymo-orchitis
Torsion of appendix testes
65% of testicular torion occurs between 12 and 18yo. Why does testicular torsion occur
Testicular torsion typically occurs due to inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis => increased mobility and hence increased risk of torsion
Which side does testicular torsion tend to present?
Right sided due to most undescended testes being on the right side
How would a patient with testicular torsion present?
What characteristic signs are you looking for in a testicular exam to confirm this?
A patient presents to you with acute testicular pain. On exam you note a high riding testicle and an absent cremesteric reflex. Explain to the examiner what you do from here until the torsion is resolved including escalations.
The opposite testicle must be examined and prophylactically fixed in order to prevent future torsion
Torsion of the appendix testes is rare and due to what?
How would you differentiate it from a testicular torsion?
How is it managed?
Epididymo-orchitis is the inflammation of the epidymis and testes. What are the main causes?
How does Epididymo-orchitis present?
How is Epididymo-orchitis managed?
Read up on Cryptorchidism
How would you differentiate a hydrocele from an inguinal hernia?
If it is neither of them, what else can it be?
How would you manage a hydrocele?
