Testicular cancer

Question 1

Define testicular cancer

Answer 1

Most common malignancy in young men-
Germ cell tumour,-becomes germ cell neoplasia (carcinoma in situ)-pre-cancerous lesion
can be teratomas, seminoma, embyonal sac
also cord can be tumourous

Question 2

Aetiology and risk factors of testicular cancer

Answer 2

Initially germ cells grow too much,forming carcinoma in situ. Then as grow beyond basement membrane, replace testicular parenchyma-and metastases via lymph nodes

Risk factors
Men YOUNG
White
Having a testicule not down
FHx 
PMH of testi cancer

Question 3

Epidiemology of testicular cancer

Answer 3

Quite rarer-1% of cancers
but most common diagnosed in 20-45 year old
Greatest in Europe
about 1400 cases a year in UK
Increasing incidence

Question 4

Signs and Sx of testicular cancer

Answer 4

Mostly asymptomatic
PAINLESS mass on testicule, rigid, non-mobile and attached to testes

rarely-present with metastases-bone pain, nodes, swelling around area

no other signs (difference with epidimylis

Question 5

Investigations of testicular cancer

Answer 5

The main diagnosis is clinical from examining testes

then ultrasound doppler in 90% effective

CXR and CT for any metastases

BetaHCG and alpha fetoprotein, are makers for types of tesicular cancer

serum lactate dehydrogenase–positive in 50%
can be marker of cancer burder