Testicle Flashcards
Where do testicles normally develop? What do they do next?
In abdomen and descend into the scrotal sac as the fetus grows.
What is the most common male reproductive abnormality? How is it treated? What are some complications?
Cryptorchidism seen in 1 % of male infants. Most cases resolve spontaneously, otherwise orchipexy is performed before 2 years of age. Complications include testicular atrophy with infertility and increased rsk for seminoma.
What is the cause of orchitis in young adults? What does it increase the risk of? What is spared?
Chalmidya trachomatis (serotypes D-K) or Neisseria gonorrhoea. Increased risk of sterility, but libido is not affected because Leydig cells are spared.
What is the cause of orchitis in older adults?
E. coli and Pseudomonas
What is the cause of orchitis in teens? What does it increase the risk of? Is testicular inflammation seen in children?
Mumps virus increases the risk for infertility. Not seen in children
What is autoimmune orchitis characterized by?
Granulomas involving the seminiferous tubules
An adolescent presents to your clinic with sudden testicular pain. You notice that his cremasteric reflex is absent. What is causing this? Which structures are affected?
Twisting of the spermatic cord. Thin walled veins become obstructed leading to congestion and hemorrhagic infarcion. Usually due to congenital failure of testes to attach to the inner lining of the scrotum (via the processus vaginalis)
A patient presents to your office with complaints of Left scrotal swelling. On examination, it looks like a ‘bag of worms”. What is causing this? What carcinoma is it associated with? Which patient population is this usually seen in?
Varicocele which is a dilation of the spermatic vein due to impaired drainage. Usually left sided due to anatomy. Associated with left sided renal cell carcinoma. Seen in a large percentage of infertile males.
A patient presents to your office with complaints of Left scrotal swelling. On examination, it looks like a ‘bag of worms”. What is causing this? What carcinoma is it associated with? Which patient population is this usually seen in?
Varicocele which is a dilation of the spermatic vein due to impaired drainage. Usually left sided due to anatomy. Associated with left sided renal cell carcinoma. Seen in a large percentage of infertile males.
A patient presents with scrotal swelling that can be transilluminated. What usually causes this in infants and adults? What is it associated with?
Hydrocele which is fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis. Associated with incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis leading to communication witht hte peritonela cavity (infants) or blockage of lymphatic drainage (adults)
