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Test2 Flashcards

1
Q

Patricians

A

Senate. These were the wealthy land owners. They controlled outside of the city of Rome.

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2
Q

Plebs

A

People council. Kind of like a city council. They controlled the city. In the begining they went to the Patricians for help but in the end they were self sufficent and did not ask for their help.

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3
Q

Military organization (Centuries, Manuples, Legions)

A

Century 100 armed men, Maniples 3 centures, legions gouprs of maniples

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4
Q

Roman military concepts

A

Individual cowardice was death, They had a realistic view of their possibility of failure and would have 3 plans if the army was forced to retreat.

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5
Q

Punic Wars

A

With the Phoenecians and was fought by Hannibal

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6
Q

Hannibal

A

The man who lead the Phoenicans in the Punic wars against Rome

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7
Q

Roman expansion in itally

A

People they conquored were seen as allies rather than slaves. They were tolerant.

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8
Q

Status of women in rome

A

Lots of men were at wa so women had lots of power and contole. they hd econ power, They could divorce and retain property. `

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9
Q

Cicero

A

classic republican. ask not what your country can do, ballanced budg

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10
Q

Downfall of the Republic

A

Tradition and laws brokem (counsuls were re-elcted, plebs did not listen to senate)
2 paries emeraged to proect the republic (optimates or consertives and poplars or power to the people)

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11
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Defeated Pompey, Conquest of egypt (married Cleopatra), he was a popular (power to the people)

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12
Q

Murrder of Caesar

A

Died march 15, stabbed by 20 senators,

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13
Q

Mark Anthony

A

Joined Octavian aesar’s hair against the conspirators, the win, then fight over who should rule, then fight a war

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14
Q

Caesar Augustus

A

Octavian, nephew of Julus but he was kind of adpoted. He set up the Augustine code (standard laws) tode system ,post system, standard currency, impoved harbors, military, made a plan for succession

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15
Q

Tiberius

A

Never popular. He is the one who gave up his wife to rule

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16
Q

Caligualr

A

Went insane. Killed all of his family. Made soilders collect sea shells, stoke people’s wives. CRAXY! Killed by guards.

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17
Q

Claudius

A

Good ruler. He had a stutter. his wife killed him

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18
Q

Nero

A

Started good but went crazy and killed him mom. Assumed the throne after Claudisu.

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19
Q

ROman golden age

A

Rome was largest city, prosperity throught trade.

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20
Q

Diocletian

A

Emperor who divided the Empire for stability. Invented Tetrarchy

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21
Q

Tetrarchy

A

Divided the Empire into the east and teh west. There was a emperor for each and a vice emperor

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22
Q

Constantine

A

Fought in wars to decide emperor, he had a vision of a burning christian symbol and so he always favroed christians. He convereted on his deathbed

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23
Q

Edict of Milan

A

Constantine, Legalized Christianity

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24
Q

Post constantinian

A

All emperors except one were Christian. Christinaity hurt the popularity of the army so more mercenaries were usd instead

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25
End of Roman dominance
Barbarian invasions
26
Barbarians invade
Vandals (from instaly and noth africa), then the Goths who captures Rome
27
Theodric the Goth
Arain Christian,Held things together, Dark ages and choes begin after his death
28
Roman Engineering Strenghts
Arches and concrete
29
Triumphal arches
Commeorated victories, Momoritals to important people, Done for artistic not engineering value
30
Roman Roads
Gird patter, all roads lead to rome, used for military and commerce, 53,00 milkes of road, multi-layered thick, rutted trough extensive use
31
Roman cities
Contained forum, theater, curcus, temple, and commercial venter.
32
Roman cities support facilites
Sewers, insdie bathrooms, and baths
33
Circus Maximus
Used for Chariot races, largest ports edifice ever erecte. Seated over 200,000
34
Parthanon
temple to all the gods. Burrial for ancaint and modern heroes
35
Pompeii
Casts of people trapped in volcanic ash. It was largly a torist attraction.
36
Ptolemy
Epicycles (earth is the center of the univerese, ) stars move in little circles along big circles. and optics-- concept of cone visions, rules of relegation, laws of refraction
37
Galen
Influenced by Huppocrates, defined methods of modern meds. (purpose of organs). Physican to several emperors
38
Roman Creative legacy (Language, laws, and values)
Roman alphabet, romance alngauges, many Rule of law, preotected individuals form one another and the state, organizaion fo gov, art and tech, science
39
Difficulties with Early Christainity
Persecution (frost from Jews, then romans), Major internal problems (dissagreement with leaders)
40
Christinity 1 AD
Changed from a Jewish-Christian church for a gentile church. Diverse beliefs due to lack of offical theology
41
Christinaity 2 AD
Period of no record, prob when the apostasy occurred, loss of righeousnes. Evidence of apostasy, Principally from historical records.
42
Christinaity docturnal changes
Rise of church fathers (tired to interpret doctorine). Imposition of orthodoc position (greek philosophy, war of bishops, emergance of imperial church)
43
Post Posolic church
Apostolic fathers (church father the 2 generations after Apostles, provided sketchy info), church fathers, christina writers up to 500 AD, wrote defenses, shapped orthodoxy
44
War amoung bhsiops
3rd century, war between the scholars and the church priesthood. Preists were in Rome, Scholars in Alexandria
45
Gnosticism
Secret knowlage known only be a few, two aspects of god (loving and harsh) labeled a cult
46
Arianism
Christ was created b the father, Christ and the father are two seperate beings. Very poualr in egypt
47
Council of Nicea
planned by constantine, 300 bishiops came, decided that christ was one with god
48
Theodocious
Made Christianity the state religion, Made catholic church the state church, made heresy against christinity a state crime.
49
Athanasius of Alexandria
council of Nicaea, advocated that chirst was a consubstantial with the father
50
Jerome
Guy who compiled the bible
51
Augustine
city of God, kind of like zion. Written to explain why rome was falling even though it was chirstain.
52
St. Anthony
Hermit life. extremist
53
St. Cyril in Syria
Monasticm, regularly clergy
54
Byzantine concept of Rome
Rome was a city, area, empire, and idea. assocaited with laws and way of life. sim to zion. WIth the fall of the ROman empire we call then Byzantines' but they thought they were romans. Constantinopal was concidered the new rome
55
Theodoric the Goth
Agreed not to attach the east, provided stability and unity in the west until his death. Adter his death the west collepsed into the dark ages.
56
Justinian
served in the army, best schooling, highly educated, retained agreement with goths until theodrics death. He reunifed rome. West lost again after Justinians reign
57
Theodora
Justinians wife, she was co-empress, she was prostitute.
58
Nike Revold
between the blues and greens over chariot racing. Goverment killd and arrected the leaders.
59
Byzantine Paintins
Characterized by oversized heads, became standard in all ortho cultures
60
Hagia Sophia
Bueaitful christian church built by Justinian, it had a floating dome
61
Justinian Code
Enshrines christian chuch as the offical religion. Upated the Roman's laws
62
Pope Leo IX
excommunicates the Patriarch of Constantinople . Nature of christ leads to the split in the chuch
63
Emperor Leo III
orered all images to be destroyed
64
Hagia Sophia
Bueaitful christian church built by Justinian, it had a floating dome
65
Justinian Code
Enshrines christian chuch as the offical religion. Upated the Roman's laws
66
Pope Leo IX
excommunicates the Patriarch of Constantinople . Nature of christ leads to the split in the chuch
67
Emperor Leo III
orered all images to be destroyed
68
Islam
2nd fastest growing religion, Started by Mohammed
69
Higera
When the muslims left for a year. First year of the muslim clander
70
Muslim's return to Mecca
Destroyed the idols, changed Ka'ba to a mosque. Wats helped spread fath
71
5 pillars
1. Beleif in Allah and Mohammed as his prophet 2. pray 5 times daily 3. Pray alms of 2.5% income 4. fast during Ramadan 5. Haj or pilgrimage to Mecca one
72
Juhad
suffering or struggle. MUST NOT KILL INNOCET>
73
The Qur'an
Exact words of God in Arabic. Not translated into other languages
74
Hadith
Commentery on scripture
75
Abbasid Dynasty
GOlden age of islam, from Bagdad
76
Ottoman Turks
Fulled Islamic power vacuums. from turky
77
Scheherazade
1001 Arabian Nights

History of Creativity (4 decks)

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