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History of Creativity Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Middle ages of Medieval Period

A

Dark ages, between Rome and the renaissance.

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2
Q

Life in the middle ages

A

Reversion to tribal/rural society> germanic tribes ruled by might. lawless bandits made it impossible to live in cities.
Survival dominated society> weather got colder, make it hard to grow food and trade stopped

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3
Q

Religion in the middle ages

A

Turned to god rather than rulers.

Paganism retained

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4
Q

Benedictine oder

A

First European oder of monks– took vows of obediance, chastiy, poverty, work and sometimes silence.
they were removed from other people

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5
Q

Early popes in the dark ages

A

Not very powerful. 1/4 died violently. It have more to do with family and poltical ties

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6
Q

Pope Gregory

A

Middle ages. Strengthen the papacy. He was missionary oriented. Put Gregorian chants in place. Promoted monasteries and convents. Priests could not marry.

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7
Q

Clovis

A

King of the Merovingin dynasty. Concerted to christianity. Accepted romanic catholic authority. He was a frank who setteled in Gaul

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8
Q

Charlemagne

A

Called Charles the Great. He was the son of Pepin the short. Became the king of most of centeral europe. Crowned the holy roman emperor

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9
Q

Carolingian Dynasty

A

Stable government, chicerlty system, intellectual revival, scholars copied books, put in place an educational system

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10
Q

End of the Carolingian period

A

Charlemagne’s son succeeded him, but he was old when he took over named Lous the Pius. His 3 sons killed him and fought amoungst themselves for the land.
THis led to division and invasion. Europe fell back into the dark ages.

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11
Q

Post carolingian incations

A

Vikings, magrats from Hugary, muslims from africa

Effects: Fuedalism and casteles

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12
Q

King Arthur

A

Victoris at Britons in 496 AD. Cadbury (camelot) has chirstian burial of king nad queen

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13
Q

Viking invasion creativity

A

Shallow draft to invade up rivers. Enouh keep for ocean stability. First people who have the sailors also be the fighters.

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14
Q

Church/ state relationships in the 9th and 10th century.

A

Popes were appointed (before tehy have been elected) they fufillled political purposees, they were ruler of the Papal states.

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15
Q

What caused the shift to the high middle ages?

A

External elements (warmer weather, and social stability) allowing for more food, more food brings population increase, population increase brings diversity, diveriy brings creativity, creativity brings progress, progress requires more creativity.

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16
Q

HIgh middle ages aggricultural innovations

A

Curved metal plow, horse instead of oc, horse collar, 3 feild system

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17
Q

High middle age chnges

A

More food, more poeple, rise of towns, specilization of labor again, technology and science

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18
Q

High miggle ages specilization of labor

A

Artisan, led to the formation of guilds, control of trade

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19
Q

Changes in qualifications for life in the high middle ages

A

Dark ages had no percise time or measurements, triangualtion (needed for land owndership), standardized money (needed for trade), Number system (needed for business)

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20
Q

What caused the shift to the high middle ages?

A

External elements (warmer weather, and social stability) allowing for more food, more food brings population increase, population increase brings diversity, diveriy brings creativity, creativity brings progress, progress requires more creativity.

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21
Q

HIgh middle ages aggricultural innovations

A

Curved metal plow, horse instead of oc, horse collar, 3 feild system

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22
Q

Heinrich

A

Got in a big fight with Pope Gregory VII. He wanted the right to name bishiops and the pope said no and excommunicated him. this freed all his nobles of thier oaths to him. Heinrich went to the pope asking for forgiveness and the pope agreed but made him end his line. German kings were elected form that point on

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23
Q

High miggle ages specilization of labor

A

Artisan, led to the formation of guilds, control of trade

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24
Q

Changes in qualifications for life in the high middle ages

A

Dark ages had no percise time or measurements, triangualtion (needed for land owndership), standardized money (needed for trade), Number system (needed for business)

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25
Q

Capetian Dynasty

A

France. Stable father son succession for 300 years. This lead to strength and stability. France was the most catholic nation. Came together more through marriage than war.

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26
Q

Battle at Hastings

A

William I the conqued Henery. Story is told on the Bayeux Tapestry.

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27
Q

Heinrich

A

Got in a big fight with Pope Gregory VII

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28
Q

Later Holy Roman emperors

A

weakened by the principle that they were elected by german nobility rather than succeding thone by decent.

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29
Q

Edward the Confessor

A

He was very religious and had no heir. He had a nephew (Herold) and a cousin named william both of whom he was willing to give to crown to.

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30
Q

Wiliam I (The conqueror)

A

Lerder of Normandy. Not popular witht he english people. He invites Herold to come and discuss who will take over with him and Herold was captured by piarates and William pays his ransom in change for being king. Herold was not good to his word, bit william becomes king anywas

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31
Q

John I

A

Brother of RIckard the Lion hearted. Became kingwhen Rickard died in warefare in france
He was a weak king. Lost territoies which pissed off the nobles ‘
Signed MAgna Carta

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32
Q

Later Holy Roman emperors

A

weakened by the principle that they were elected by german nobility rather than succeding thone by decent.

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33
Q

Edward the Confessor

A

He was very religious and had no heir. He had a nephew (Herold) and a cousin named william both of whom he was willing to give to crown to.

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34
Q

Wiliam I (The conqueror)

A

Lerder of Normandy. Not popular witht he english people. He invites Herold to come and discuss who will take over with him and Herold was captured by piarates and William pays his ransom in change for being king. Herold was not good to his word, bit william becomes king anywas

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35
Q

Battle at Hastings

A

William I the conqued Henery. Story is told on the Bayeux Tapestry.

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36
Q

William the Conquers sons

A

3 sons. William II (normandy), Rickard (England). Rickard kills Henery, he gets England. WHn Willaims goes on cruade and Hery tiels to take it. Henery ends up with both england and normandy

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37
Q

Henery II

A

Sone of William the Conquere. Created english common law. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine and they fought a lot.
His BFF was Thomas Becket who was made archbishop and then they werent friends nad he was killed

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38
Q

Thomas Becket

A

made archbishop by Henery II but then he actually became a religious man. They were enimies and in the end Henery had Thomas accidentily killed

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39
Q

Richard the Lion Hearted

A

Went on the first crusade. Was on crusades mod of his life. His brother prince John ruled while he was gone and he was terrible. John tired to over throw him to rickard come home but then died on crusade and so John got England anyways.

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40
Q

John I

A

Brother of RIckard the Lion hearted. Became kingwhen Rickard died in warefare in france
He was a weak king. Lost territoies which pissed off the nobles ‘

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41
Q

Magna Carta

A

John was forced to sign it, begining of limited government in england, he had to go to the nobles if he wanted money. No free man could be seized or imprissioned, or outlawed or exlie without lawful jugment of his euqals.

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42
Q

Origins of parliament

A

Magna carta, nobles created provisions in oxford (regualr meetings of parlament), kings had to support parlament in order to get money

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43
Q

Pope Urban II

A

Called the crusades against the Muslims

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44
Q

1st Crusade

A

Successfully recaptured Jerusalem

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45
Q

2nd crusade

A

terrible loss. They were defeared by Saladin

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46
Q

Benedictine monks

A

Isolated from society, still owned vast properties, THEY WERE WEALTHY

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47
Q

Franciscans

A

Began by St. Francis of Asisi, Literal interpretation of the scriptures, loved all og Gods creatures.
FOCUS: Contril”the will” repenting of wayward actions

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48
Q

Genghis Khan

A

Conquered China, Conquered the silk road, his dynasty went on

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49
Q

Mongols Innovations

A

Known as the tartars “those from fell”, used intimidation, promoted according to skill not family, great on horses, system of flags, spider vests

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50
Q

Kublai Kahn

A

Grandson of Genghis Khan, est the Yuan Dynasty. Used Marco Polo as amissary

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51
Q

1000 AD for christians

A

Through that christ would come again or that Satian would be let out

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52
Q

Pilgrimages

A

world was not safer to travel. Pilgrims were identified and protected by clothest. Purposes were to draw cloder to god, fufil promise, adventure ect

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53
Q

Church Rofrom 1000-1300 AD

A

Corruption- councils reformed the way that popes were chosen and other abuses, church authorities still focused on wealth and position (most bishiops were from powerful families, and selling church positions still was common)

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54
Q

Monasteries post 1000 AC

A

New order formed to correct abuses of older orders– Benedictines

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55
Q

Benedictine monks

A

Isolated from society, still owned vast properties, new order were located within the cities and refused to own property (begging)

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56
Q

Franciscans

A

Began by St. Francis of Asisi, Literal interpretation of the scriptures, loved all og Gods creatures.
FOCUS: Contril”the will” repenting of wayward actions

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57
Q

St. Francis of Assisi

A

Started the Franciscans monks

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58
Q

Dominicans

A

Founded by St. Dominic, “The Intellected nd understing true doctronie”, vows of obediance, chasity, adn poverty, Enforced church rules.
Several popes and famous paointers

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59
Q

Universties student life

A

Students were concidered priests and thus were exempt from the law. This led to problems.
student complaints: expensive rent, high tuition, poor housing conditions, bad food, boring instuctors

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60
Q

Monastic Learning

A

Tradtional teaching method in the meddile ages – glossing

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61
Q

Glossing

A

Teacher reads and elaborates on the text

62
Q

Bernard of Clairvaux

A

Taught by glossing , strongly influenced the choice of the pope, strongly influence the 2nd crusade, strongly disagreed wih ohter teaching method.

63
Q

Scholastic Method

A

An alternate to Monastic learning. A philosophical and theological methord. Began at the Univsiert of paris. Based on the assuption that philosophy and theology are in ultimate agreement

64
Q

Scholastic method typical moerning experince

A

Morning–read and develop arguments.
Afternoon– discussion using didactic method
Nect morning– resolution of issue

65
Q

Peter abelard

A

teacher at the University of Paris. SIC et Non.
Chastised by th pope for the book.
Did not get along with Nernard of Clairvaux
Tutored a women named eloise

66
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Father wanted him to become a Benedictine monk (they were wealthy) but he wanted to become a dominican.

67
Q

Romanesque

A

In the roman manner. Everything one in Western Eurpoean architecture betwen the falll or the roman empire and the gethic period

68
Q

Romanesque Churches

A

Heavy walls, rounded arches and vaults, small windows, small area, short and squatty, very plain

69
Q

St. Denis

A

National Mausoluem of french royalty.Built on the burial place of St. Denis (patron saint of france)/ Abbot Suger wanted to repair the church.
Retained much of the current chuch, added rose window and both arches and raised the roof
MIXED ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC STYLES

70
Q

Abbott Suger

A

Wanted to repair the churchh St. Denis. Started Gothic styles

71
Q

Notre Dame de Paris

A

Retained some romaneqsue elements, towers statues, exterior decorations/very ornate
New elements, size, heght, flying buttresses, gargoyles

72
Q

Gargoyles

A

Fightened away evil spirits, drain spouts

73
Q

Chartres

A

Retained all pevious elements of gothic style, higher than more dame, new elements (first flying buttresses)

74
Q

Gregorian Chant

A

Plain chiant, method of enhancing worship
monophonic
sung in unison

75
Q

Melisma

A

relgious music, featured voices, more than one note per syllable, monophonic

76
Q

Organum

A

Polyphonic, same texts

77
Q

Monete

A

Non-relgious, 2 or more melodies with thier own texts

78
Q

Ars Nova

A

Complexity in rythem and melody

79
Q

Art in the late middle ages

A

Representational, depicted Gods power and authority, very little non relgious art, crusifiection and madonna paintins, icons (dooorways to apprach god)

80
Q

Giotto

A

Begining of Realism,

81
Q

Arthurian legend

A

Living in England in 5th century

82
Q

Courtly Love

A

Books were entertaining, Instructions for proper behavior, pure love of a knight for a lady, this was platonic loce. Marriage is not excue for not loving, made public loce rarely endures, jealous increases the feeling of love

83
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

Lived in florence, fell in love with Beatrice but har to marry someone else, Beatrice died and he dedicated lot of his work to her. Dante married his promised wife and had 4 kids, and he was close to his daughter, but his wife did not follow him to exile. Wrote the Divine Comefy

84
Q

Divine Comedy

A

Dantes travels through the afterlife. epic poem, solidife the italian language. Catholic church was the only true church

85
Q

Comedy

A

starts sad ends happy

86
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

Secular writer, founder of the renaissance

87
Q

Old english

A

Germanic language. Short words with strong consonants.

88
Q

Middle english

A

Mix of old english and modern english. The upperclass was french and the peasents spoke english. Eventually the two mixed. We wuold be able ot read this

89
Q

tri-lingual english

A 
2nd estate (nobility) added french words 
the clergy added Latin words. Love (ango), Honor (latin), Cherish (french)
90
Q

Middle english differnces

A

No more gener, added words from other languages, sound of language changed, word order changed

91
Q

English ptschology

A

English adds words from other languages ragardless of the orgin

91
Q

English ptschology

A

English adds words from other languages ragardless of the orgin

92
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

Expert in physics, medicine and astronomy, wrote poetry. Wrote the Canerburty Tales. Made Middle english legit

92
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

Expert in physics, medicine and astronomy, wrote poetry. Wrote the Canerburty Tales. Made Middle english legit

93
Q

Canterbury Talkes

A

Written in Middle English (risky becasue he wrote for a French speaking class). He ligitimized miggle english.

93
Q

Canterbury Talkes

A

Written in Middle English (risky becasue he wrote for a French speaking class). He ligitimized miggle english.

94
Q

14th century

A

“word centry in history”

94
Q

14th century

A

“word centry in history”

95
Q

Why was the 14th century so bad

A

Plauge, war taxes, bad government, division in the church

95
Q

Why was the 14th century so bad

A

Plauge, war taxes, bad government, division in the church

96
Q

1st estate

A

The roman catholic church. Their purpose was to do good deeds

96
Q

1st estate

A

The roman catholic church. Their purpose was to do good deeds

97
Q

2nd estate

A

The nobility– both local and national. Purpose is to govern/ fight

97
Q

2nd estate

A

The nobility– both local and national. Purpose is to govern/ fight

98
Q

3rd estate

A

commors. Their purpose was to work

98
Q

3rd estate

A

commors. Their purpose was to work

99
Q

Philip iV, the fair

A

wanted to tac the clergy. KIlled POpe Boniface

99
Q

Philip iV, the fair

A

wanted to tac the clergy. KIlled POpe Boniface

100
Q

POpe Coniface

A

Not elected but the pope who he lost two wasnt good so he became pope. Resisted Philip IV and issued Bull Inan Sanctum. Philip army incaed and captured the pope who died

100
Q

POpe Coniface

A

Not elected but the pope who he lost two wasnt good so he became pope. Resisted Philip IV and issued Bull Inan Sanctum. Philip army incaed and captured the pope who died

101
Q

The babylonian captivity

A

The church was carried away captive to France. City of Rome felll into ruin. Implimented by Philip

101
Q

The babylonian captivity

A

The church was carried away captive to France. City of Rome felll into ruin. Implimented by Philip

102
Q

The Avigon Papacy

A

7 popes, lots of curruption

102
Q

The Avigon Papacy

A

7 popes, lots of curruption

103
Q

The great Schism

A

Catherine of Siena scared pope into dying in rome that meant that the new pope had to be elected in rome. Itaailn people forced the cardianels to elected an itlain pope so longn as he promied to return to france. He didnt. Cardinals went back to avion and elected a newpope. popes excommunicated one another which led to a divide in europe

103
Q

The great Schism

A

Catherine of Siena scared pope into dying in rome that meant that the new pope had to be elected in rome. Itaailn people forced the cardianels to elected an itlain pope so longn as he promied to return to france. He didnt. Cardinals went back to avion and elected a newpope. popes excommunicated one another which led to a divide in europe

104
Q

Catherine of Siena

A

Saced the pope into dying in ROme

104
Q

Catherine of Siena

A

Saced the pope into dying in ROme

105
Q

Vasoc de dama

A

Used winds to seep him to the cape of good home and proceeded to Inda. Gained contorle of the spice trade by using cannons on his second trip

105
Q

The council at Pisa

A

Resolved the problem of hte 2 opoe. At one point there was 3 opoes. The new pope was elected and everyone supported him.

106
Q

Changes in the 2nd estate

A

nobles were rules, warriors, and land holders. Rules of Chivalry regulated the behaviours of the noble class. Nobles fought in touriments to seek glory. They gained power in realtion to the church.

107
Q

100 year wars

A

Between King JOhn of France and England

108
Q

Changed in warefare in 14th centry

A

LONG BOWS!!! swords and crossbows. Frnech lost because they would not abandon chivalry and right wiht long bows

109
Q

King john II f

A

fought agains the black knight and was taken captive. he was held hostage, son took his place and ran away, John went back and died in England. Matter of Honor

110
Q

Henery V

A

Stability in england during the 100 year wars. Henery was victorous at Agincouty becasue of the conditions.

111
Q

Agincourt

A

English won, french accepted Henery’s son as king but the french prince would not accept this and stated a rebellion

112
Q

The Dauphin

A

Son of the king of france who would not accept defear. People rallied behing him and John of Arc came to him

113
Q

Change in the 3rd esate

A

Lots of people died so they became more powerful

114
Q

Plauge

A

Came on ship form Crimea. 40-70% of the population died

115
Q

New Technology in the 14th century

A

Mechanical clocks, machine tols, spinning wheels, calendar reform, import technoliges form China and Islamic lands (magnetic compass, paper, eye galss)

116
Q

Gutenburg

A

Invented the prinking press

117
Q

Henery the Navigaror

A

Established the school for mertime per suits.

118
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

Confimred that you could sail aroung africa, discovered the cape of good home

119
Q

Vasoc de dama

A

Used winds to seep him to the cape of good home and proceeded to Inda. Gained contorle of the spice trade by using cannons on his second trip

120
Q

Columbus

A

Thought that he discovered Idia.

121
Q

Magellan

A

Discovered portugal, but did not claim it. Bumped into Guaw. he was the first person to make it all the way around the world

122
Q

Cortes

A

defeats teh aztexts, suprise of violence and killing

123
Q

Pizarro

A

defeated in inca

124
Q

Mughal dynasty

A

India. Muslim. Expansion under shah Jehan

125
Q

Yuan Dynasty

A

Mongol conquorers. first non Hna people to rule.

126
Q

Ming dynasty

A

Want to keep china gree from invasion– expanded the wall. Kept the capital at Beijing. Merchants were given prestigue

127
Q

Japan during the age of Exploration

A

Steeled by Korea, language of China. Attened incation by the Yuan but they were saved by a typhoon

128
Q

East african cultures

A

Strong muslim influence. Dominated by portuguese after de Gama

129
Q

North African culture

A

conquered b Muslims, sub-saharain trade

130
Q

Mayans.

A

First. Crushed limestone roads. Abandoned

131
Q

Classica mayan period

A

Written language– idea nd phonetic syllabic writing. Hieroplyphics

132
Q

Mayan scinece

A

Astronomy, calanfer, math (20 based, zero)

133
Q

Classic mayan archetecture

A

Many rooms, no arches, fortitifed with ditches, long masonry causeways, aligned with astronmy

134
Q

Teotihuacan

A

Place where men become gods. Pryamids and relgious buldins. Largest pryamid in meso america

135
Q

Toltects

A

Mayans today.

136
Q

Axtec period

A

Nomadic tribe from the north. conquer dthe toltects. Build the calipta of 200,000 people

History of Creativity (4 decks)

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