History of Creativity Final Flashcards
1
Q
Middle ages of Medieval Period
A
Dark ages, between Rome and the renaissance.
2
Q
Life in the middle ages
A
Reversion to tribal/rural society> germanic tribes ruled by might. lawless bandits made it impossible to live in cities.
Survival dominated society> weather got colder, make it hard to grow food and trade stopped
3
Q
Religion in the middle ages
A
Turned to god rather than rulers.
Paganism retained
4
Q
Benedictine oder
A
First European oder of monks– took vows of obediance, chastiy, poverty, work and sometimes silence.
they were removed from other people
5
Q
Early popes in the dark ages
A
Not very powerful. 1/4 died violently. It have more to do with family and poltical ties
6
Q
Pope Gregory
A
Middle ages. Strengthen the papacy. He was missionary oriented. Put Gregorian chants in place. Promoted monasteries and convents. Priests could not marry.
7
Q
Clovis
A
King of the Merovingin dynasty. Concerted to christianity. Accepted romanic catholic authority. He was a frank who setteled in Gaul
8
Q
Charlemagne
A
Called Charles the Great. He was the son of Pepin the short. Became the king of most of centeral europe. Crowned the holy roman emperor
9
Q
Carolingian Dynasty
A
Stable government, chicerlty system, intellectual revival, scholars copied books, put in place an educational system
10
Q
End of the Carolingian period
A
Charlemagne’s son succeeded him, but he was old when he took over named Lous the Pius. His 3 sons killed him and fought amoungst themselves for the land.
THis led to division and invasion. Europe fell back into the dark ages.
11
Q
Post carolingian incations
A
Vikings, magrats from Hugary, muslims from africa
Effects: Fuedalism and casteles
12
Q
King Arthur
A
Victoris at Britons in 496 AD. Cadbury (camelot) has chirstian burial of king nad queen
13
Q
Viking invasion creativity
A
Shallow draft to invade up rivers. Enouh keep for ocean stability. First people who have the sailors also be the fighters.
14
Q
Church/ state relationships in the 9th and 10th century.
A
Popes were appointed (before tehy have been elected) they fufillled political purposees, they were ruler of the Papal states.
15
Q
What caused the shift to the high middle ages?
A
External elements (warmer weather, and social stability) allowing for more food, more food brings population increase, population increase brings diversity, diveriy brings creativity, creativity brings progress, progress requires more creativity.
16
Q
HIgh middle ages aggricultural innovations
A
Curved metal plow, horse instead of oc, horse collar, 3 feild system
17
Q
High middle age chnges
A
More food, more poeple, rise of towns, specilization of labor again, technology and science
18
Q
High miggle ages specilization of labor
A
Artisan, led to the formation of guilds, control of trade
19
Q
Changes in qualifications for life in the high middle ages
A
Dark ages had no percise time or measurements, triangualtion (needed for land owndership), standardized money (needed for trade), Number system (needed for business)
20
Q
What caused the shift to the high middle ages?
A
External elements (warmer weather, and social stability) allowing for more food, more food brings population increase, population increase brings diversity, diveriy brings creativity, creativity brings progress, progress requires more creativity.
21
Q
HIgh middle ages aggricultural innovations
A
Curved metal plow, horse instead of oc, horse collar, 3 feild system
22
Q
Heinrich
A
Got in a big fight with Pope Gregory VII. He wanted the right to name bishiops and the pope said no and excommunicated him. this freed all his nobles of thier oaths to him. Heinrich went to the pope asking for forgiveness and the pope agreed but made him end his line. German kings were elected form that point on
23
Q
High miggle ages specilization of labor
A
Artisan, led to the formation of guilds, control of trade
24
Q
Changes in qualifications for life in the high middle ages
A
Dark ages had no percise time or measurements, triangualtion (needed for land owndership), standardized money (needed for trade), Number system (needed for business)
25
Capetian Dynasty
France. Stable father son succession for 300 years. This lead to strength and stability. France was the most catholic nation. Came together more through marriage than war.
26
Battle at Hastings
William I the conqued Henery. Story is told on the Bayeux Tapestry.
27
Heinrich
Got in a big fight with Pope Gregory VII
28
Later Holy Roman emperors
weakened by the principle that they were elected by german nobility rather than succeding thone by decent.
29
Edward the Confessor
He was very religious and had no heir. He had a nephew (Herold) and a cousin named william both of whom he was willing to give to crown to.
30
Wiliam I (The conqueror)
Lerder of Normandy. Not popular witht he english people. He invites Herold to come and discuss who will take over with him and Herold was captured by piarates and William pays his ransom in change for being king. Herold was not good to his word, bit william becomes king anywas
31
John I
Brother of RIckard the Lion hearted. Became kingwhen Rickard died in warefare in france
He was a weak king. Lost territoies which pissed off the nobles '
Signed MAgna Carta
32
Later Holy Roman emperors
weakened by the principle that they were elected by german nobility rather than succeding thone by decent.
33
Edward the Confessor
He was very religious and had no heir. He had a nephew (Herold) and a cousin named william both of whom he was willing to give to crown to.
34
Wiliam I (The conqueror)
Lerder of Normandy. Not popular witht he english people. He invites Herold to come and discuss who will take over with him and Herold was captured by piarates and William pays his ransom in change for being king. Herold was not good to his word, bit william becomes king anywas
35
Battle at Hastings
William I the conqued Henery. Story is told on the Bayeux Tapestry.
36
William the Conquers sons
3 sons. William II (normandy), Rickard (England). Rickard kills Henery, he gets England. WHn Willaims goes on cruade and Hery tiels to take it. Henery ends up with both england and normandy
37
Henery II
Sone of William the Conquere. Created english common law. Married Eleanor of Aquitaine and they fought a lot.
His BFF was Thomas Becket who was made archbishop and then they werent friends nad he was killed
38
Thomas Becket
made archbishop by Henery II but then he actually became a religious man. They were enimies and in the end Henery had Thomas accidentily killed
39
Richard the Lion Hearted
Went on the first crusade. Was on crusades mod of his life. His brother prince John ruled while he was gone and he was terrible. John tired to over throw him to rickard come home but then died on crusade and so John got England anyways.
40
John I
Brother of RIckard the Lion hearted. Became kingwhen Rickard died in warefare in france
He was a weak king. Lost territoies which pissed off the nobles '
41
Magna Carta
John was forced to sign it, begining of limited government in england, he had to go to the nobles if he wanted money. No free man could be seized or imprissioned, or outlawed or exlie without lawful jugment of his euqals.
42
Origins of parliament
Magna carta, nobles created provisions in oxford (regualr meetings of parlament), kings had to support parlament in order to get money
43
Pope Urban II
Called the crusades against the Muslims
44
1st Crusade
Successfully recaptured Jerusalem
45
2nd crusade
terrible loss. They were defeared by Saladin
46
Benedictine monks
Isolated from society, still owned vast properties, THEY WERE WEALTHY
47
Franciscans
Began by St. Francis of Asisi, Literal interpretation of the scriptures, loved all og Gods creatures.
FOCUS: Contril"the will" repenting of wayward actions
48
Genghis Khan
Conquered China, Conquered the silk road, his dynasty went on
49
Mongols Innovations
Known as the tartars "those from fell", used intimidation, promoted according to skill not family, great on horses, system of flags, spider vests
50
Kublai Kahn
Grandson of Genghis Khan, est the Yuan Dynasty. Used Marco Polo as amissary
51
1000 AD for christians
Through that christ would come again or that Satian would be let out
52
Pilgrimages
world was not safer to travel. Pilgrims were identified and protected by clothest. Purposes were to draw cloder to god, fufil promise, adventure ect
53
Church Rofrom 1000-1300 AD
Corruption- councils reformed the way that popes were chosen and other abuses, church authorities still focused on wealth and position (most bishiops were from powerful families, and selling church positions still was common)
54
Monasteries post 1000 AC
New order formed to correct abuses of older orders-- Benedictines
55
Benedictine monks
Isolated from society, still owned vast properties, new order were located within the cities and refused to own property (begging)
56
Franciscans
Began by St. Francis of Asisi, Literal interpretation of the scriptures, loved all og Gods creatures.
FOCUS: Contril"the will" repenting of wayward actions
57
St. Francis of Assisi
Started the Franciscans monks
58
Dominicans
Founded by St. Dominic, "The Intellected nd understing true doctronie", vows of obediance, chasity, adn poverty, Enforced church rules.
Several popes and famous paointers
59
Universties student life
Students were concidered priests and thus were exempt from the law. This led to problems.
student complaints: expensive rent, high tuition, poor housing conditions, bad food, boring instuctors
60
Monastic Learning
Tradtional teaching method in the meddile ages -- glossing
61
Glossing
Teacher reads and elaborates on the text
62
Bernard of Clairvaux
Taught by glossing , strongly influenced the choice of the pope, strongly influence the 2nd crusade, strongly disagreed wih ohter teaching method.
63
Scholastic Method
An alternate to Monastic learning. A philosophical and theological methord. Began at the Univsiert of paris. Based on the assuption that philosophy and theology are in ultimate agreement
64
Scholastic method typical moerning experince
Morning--read and develop arguments.
Afternoon-- discussion using didactic method
Nect morning-- resolution of issue
65
Peter abelard
teacher at the University of Paris. SIC et Non.
Chastised by th pope for the book.
Did not get along with Nernard of Clairvaux
Tutored a women named eloise
66
Thomas Aquinas
Father wanted him to become a Benedictine monk (they were wealthy) but he wanted to become a dominican.
67
Romanesque
In the roman manner. Everything one in Western Eurpoean architecture betwen the falll or the roman empire and the gethic period
68
Romanesque Churches
Heavy walls, rounded arches and vaults, small windows, small area, short and squatty, very plain
69
St. Denis
National Mausoluem of french royalty.Built on the burial place of St. Denis (patron saint of france)/ Abbot Suger wanted to repair the church.
Retained much of the current chuch, added rose window and both arches and raised the roof
MIXED ROMANESQUE AND GOTHIC STYLES
70
Abbott Suger
Wanted to repair the churchh St. Denis. Started Gothic styles
71
Notre Dame de Paris
Retained some romaneqsue elements, towers statues, exterior decorations/very ornate
New elements, size, heght, flying buttresses, gargoyles
72
Gargoyles
Fightened away evil spirits, drain spouts
73
Chartres
Retained all pevious elements of gothic style, higher than more dame, new elements (first flying buttresses)
74
Gregorian Chant
Plain chiant, method of enhancing worship
monophonic
sung in unison
75
Melisma
relgious music, featured voices, more than one note per syllable, monophonic
76
Organum
Polyphonic, same texts
77
Monete
Non-relgious, 2 or more melodies with thier own texts
78
Ars Nova
Complexity in rythem and melody
79
Art in the late middle ages
Representational, depicted Gods power and authority, very little non relgious art, crusifiection and madonna paintins, icons (dooorways to apprach god)
80
Giotto
Begining of Realism,
81
Arthurian legend
Living in England in 5th century
82
Courtly Love
Books were entertaining, Instructions for proper behavior, pure love of a knight for a lady, this was platonic loce. Marriage is not excue for not loving, made public loce rarely endures, jealous increases the feeling of love
83
Dante Alighieri
Lived in florence, fell in love with Beatrice but har to marry someone else, Beatrice died and he dedicated lot of his work to her. Dante married his promised wife and had 4 kids, and he was close to his daughter, but his wife did not follow him to exile. Wrote the Divine Comefy
84
Divine Comedy
Dantes travels through the afterlife. epic poem, solidife the italian language. Catholic church was the only true church
85
Comedy
starts sad ends happy
86
Francesco Petrarch
Secular writer, founder of the renaissance
87
Old english
Germanic language. Short words with strong consonants.
88
Middle english
Mix of old english and modern english. The upperclass was french and the peasents spoke english. Eventually the two mixed. We wuold be able ot read this
89
tri-lingual english
```
2nd estate (nobility) added french words
the clergy added Latin words. Love (ango), Honor (latin), Cherish (french)
```
90
Middle english differnces
No more gener, added words from other languages, sound of language changed, word order changed
91
English ptschology
English adds words from other languages ragardless of the orgin
91
English ptschology
English adds words from other languages ragardless of the orgin
92
Geoffrey Chaucer
Expert in physics, medicine and astronomy, wrote poetry. Wrote the Canerburty Tales. Made Middle english legit
92
Geoffrey Chaucer
Expert in physics, medicine and astronomy, wrote poetry. Wrote the Canerburty Tales. Made Middle english legit
93
Canterbury Talkes
Written in Middle English (risky becasue he wrote for a French speaking class). He ligitimized miggle english.
93
Canterbury Talkes
Written in Middle English (risky becasue he wrote for a French speaking class). He ligitimized miggle english.
94
14th century
"word centry in history"
94
14th century
"word centry in history"
95
Why was the 14th century so bad
Plauge, war taxes, bad government, division in the church
95
Why was the 14th century so bad
Plauge, war taxes, bad government, division in the church
96
1st estate
The roman catholic church. Their purpose was to do good deeds
96
1st estate
The roman catholic church. Their purpose was to do good deeds
97
2nd estate
The nobility-- both local and national. Purpose is to govern/ fight
97
2nd estate
The nobility-- both local and national. Purpose is to govern/ fight
98
3rd estate
commors. Their purpose was to work
98
3rd estate
commors. Their purpose was to work
99
Philip iV, the fair
wanted to tac the clergy. KIlled POpe Boniface
99
Philip iV, the fair
wanted to tac the clergy. KIlled POpe Boniface
100
POpe Coniface
Not elected but the pope who he lost two wasnt good so he became pope. Resisted Philip IV and issued Bull Inan Sanctum. Philip army incaed and captured the pope who died
100
POpe Coniface
Not elected but the pope who he lost two wasnt good so he became pope. Resisted Philip IV and issued Bull Inan Sanctum. Philip army incaed and captured the pope who died
101
The babylonian captivity
The church was carried away captive to France. City of Rome felll into ruin. Implimented by Philip
101
The babylonian captivity
The church was carried away captive to France. City of Rome felll into ruin. Implimented by Philip
102
The Avigon Papacy
7 popes, lots of curruption
102
The Avigon Papacy
7 popes, lots of curruption
103
The great Schism
Catherine of Siena scared pope into dying in rome that meant that the new pope had to be elected in rome. Itaailn people forced the cardianels to elected an itlain pope so longn as he promied to return to france. He didnt. Cardinals went back to avion and elected a newpope. popes excommunicated one another which led to a divide in europe
103
The great Schism
Catherine of Siena scared pope into dying in rome that meant that the new pope had to be elected in rome. Itaailn people forced the cardianels to elected an itlain pope so longn as he promied to return to france. He didnt. Cardinals went back to avion and elected a newpope. popes excommunicated one another which led to a divide in europe
104
Catherine of Siena
Saced the pope into dying in ROme
104
Catherine of Siena
Saced the pope into dying in ROme
105
Vasoc de dama
Used winds to seep him to the cape of good home and proceeded to Inda. Gained contorle of the spice trade by using cannons on his second trip
105
The council at Pisa
Resolved the problem of hte 2 opoe. At one point there was 3 opoes. The new pope was elected and everyone supported him.
106
Changes in the 2nd estate
nobles were rules, warriors, and land holders. Rules of Chivalry regulated the behaviours of the noble class. Nobles fought in touriments to seek glory. They gained power in realtion to the church.
107
100 year wars
Between King JOhn of France and England
108
Changed in warefare in 14th centry
LONG BOWS!!! swords and crossbows. Frnech lost because they would not abandon chivalry and right wiht long bows
109
King john II f
fought agains the black knight and was taken captive. he was held hostage, son took his place and ran away, John went back and died in England. Matter of Honor
110
Henery V
Stability in england during the 100 year wars. Henery was victorous at Agincouty becasue of the conditions.
111
Agincourt
English won, french accepted Henery's son as king but the french prince would not accept this and stated a rebellion
112
The Dauphin
Son of the king of france who would not accept defear. People rallied behing him and John of Arc came to him
113
Change in the 3rd esate
Lots of people died so they became more powerful
114
Plauge
Came on ship form Crimea. 40-70% of the population died
115
New Technology in the 14th century
Mechanical clocks, machine tols, spinning wheels, calendar reform, import technoliges form China and Islamic lands (magnetic compass, paper, eye galss)
116
Gutenburg
Invented the prinking press
117
Henery the Navigaror
Established the school for mertime per suits.
118
Bartholomew Diaz
Confimred that you could sail aroung africa, discovered the cape of good home
119
Vasoc de dama
Used winds to seep him to the cape of good home and proceeded to Inda. Gained contorle of the spice trade by using cannons on his second trip
120
Columbus
Thought that he discovered Idia.
121
Magellan
Discovered portugal, but did not claim it. Bumped into Guaw. he was the first person to make it all the way around the world
122
Cortes
defeats teh aztexts, suprise of violence and killing
123
Pizarro
defeated in inca
124
Mughal dynasty
India. Muslim. Expansion under shah Jehan
125
Yuan Dynasty
Mongol conquorers. first non Hna people to rule.
126
Ming dynasty
Want to keep china gree from invasion-- expanded the wall. Kept the capital at Beijing. Merchants were given prestigue
127
Japan during the age of Exploration
Steeled by Korea, language of China. Attened incation by the Yuan but they were saved by a typhoon
128
East african cultures
Strong muslim influence. Dominated by portuguese after de Gama
129
North African culture
conquered b Muslims, sub-saharain trade
130
Mayans.
First. Crushed limestone roads. Abandoned
131
Classica mayan period
Written language-- idea nd phonetic syllabic writing. Hieroplyphics
132
Mayan scinece
Astronomy, calanfer, math (20 based, zero)
133
Classic mayan archetecture
Many rooms, no arches, fortitifed with ditches, long masonry causeways, aligned with astronmy
134
Teotihuacan
Place where men become gods. Pryamids and relgious buldins. Largest pryamid in meso america
135
Toltects
Mayans today.
136
Axtec period
Nomadic tribe from the north. conquer dthe toltects. Build the calipta of 200,000 people
