test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Creativity
A
A way of thinking and doing that brings unexpected and original ideas to fruition.
2
Q
VINE of creativity
A
Valuable, Intentional, Novel, Excellent
3
Q
Fluency
A
Ideas based on the original concept or application, ideas generated by logic
4
Q
Flexibility
A
Ideas no based in logic
5
Q
creativity (small c)
A
new and useful only to the individual creater
6
Q
Creativity (big c)
A
useful to a group as a whole
7
Q
Greatest invention of Pre History
A
Agriculture
8
Q
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION
A
- Agriculture 2. Specialization of Labor 3. An established social order or hierarchy 4. a system of written communication
9
Q
Advancements that resulted from agriculture
A
plow wheel material developments
10
Q
Logograms
A
symbol represents a whole word (Chinese characters , egyptian hieroglyphics, symbols %, $, +)
11
Q
Syllabaries
A
symbols represent a syllable – brail
12
Q
Alphabet
A
symbol represents a sound
13
Q
Problems with Mesopotamian rivers
A
Harsh flooding during growing seasons and salt accumulation
14
Q
How the Mesopotamia solved their river problems,
A
Dams and catch basins connected canals to help flooding
Flushed salt out by moving water from the high elevation river to the lower elevation river
15
Q
How many grains in Mesopotamia’s area
A
32 or the 56
16
Q
Sumerian relation
A
Polytheistic, directed to a good crop good and good trading. No ethics form religion
17
Q
Creativity from the Summerian Period
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First wheeled vehicles, ziggtats
18
Q
What is a Ziggurats
A
A Summerian building that was a temple, tombs and a governmental site
19
Q
Akkadian Period army
A
STANDING ARMY, led by Saragon 1 kind of Akkad, Conquered the summerians, expanded the empire, new lands and territories had to be controlled
20
Q
Akkadian Period poetry
A
Epic of Gilgamesh
21
Q
Epic of Gilgamesh
A
About 200 BC, oldest known document, account of king Gilgamesh who was looking for the fountain of youth, includes a flood story
22
Q
Akkadian Period written law
A
Code of Hammurabi
23
Q
Code of Hamurabi
A
Developed by Kind Hammurabi, first set of law, brought uniformity to society, reduced resentment and possibilities for revolt, engraven on a 8 foot pillar
24
Q
Akkadian math
A
Decimal and Sexigesimal system (30 and 360 were religious numbers. No plaveholder concept, no concept of zero
25
Hitties creative contribution
IRON
26
Iron
much harder and stronger thna all other metals. Was the reason that Hitties could conquire mesopotamia
27
Phoenicians/ Philistines
Conquered Hittites and learned the secrets of iron working, Dominated Israel until the time of David, controlled the coastal regions of mesopotamia
28
Israelite Kings
Saul Favid, solomon
29
Israelites Creative contributions
Bibile monotheism Ethical system
30
Assyrians creative contribution
TORTURE
31
Babylonians/ Persian rulers
Powerful! Nebuchadnezzar, Cyrus the Great, Xerxus, Darius.
| They estalbished King Worship (Think David and the three Isrealites)
32
Babylonians/Persians Creative Contributions
Hanging garders, ethical monotheism, zodiac, mathematics
33
Zoroastrianism
ethical monotheism, arose in persia, used fire worship, three wise men were like this.
34
Mesopotamia was conqured by who?
Alexander the Great!
35
Solomon's temple
Mount Moriah, made of the finest materials, built by Solomon, Mo
36
Second Jewish Temple
Some jews were allowed to return to Jerusalem (most stayed) Second temple was not a lux as the first
37
Maccabean Period
The jews ruled themselves, Maccabeans made themselves the high priests and appointed other kinds, corruption
38
Herod's temple
Refurbished by Herod to gain favor by the jews, very large and lx, have a unique rock style. Lasted until after the time of Chirst
39
Western (Wailing) Wall
Holiest play in the world fro jews, individual and group prayers, prayer scrools, seperation of men and woman
40
Geography and syability
The Nile river and isolated
41
NAMER (menes)
First Pharaoh, Conquered upper and lower nile
42
Old Kingdom Creativity
Papyrus, Hieroglypics, Pyramids, religions (pharoah was part God), calendar, mathematics, art
43
What did the pharopahs of egypt make the famers do on the 3 months they were off?
PYRAMIDS!
44
Pryamids
Pharaoh burial place, built by the egyptians, extensive engineering
45
Snefru
Egyptian Pharaoh in the 4th Dynasty, greatest pharaoh, perfected pyramid building
46
Meydum mastaba
first pryamid built for Snefru, but it had steps that were filled with limestone (this slid off) he didn't like it so it was abandoned.
47
Bent Pyramid of Dashur
2nd Pryamid built by Snudru, unstable ground
48
The Red Pyramid
3rd edifice for Snefru, looks red in the light, 1st true pyramid,
49
The Great Pryamid at Giza
Built by Knufu (son of Snefru), 90,000 men
50
The Sphinx
large stone that was easier to carve than move, it is that path between the first two pryamids
51
Papyrus
Easy material for writing, can only be made in Egypt
52
Hieroglyphics
Sacred writings, done by priests,
53
requirements from Egyptian afterlife
Be buried on Egyptian Soil, properly embalmed, tombs were places of waiting, preserved name in writing, judgment and afterlife
54
Old Kingdom Math and calendar or Egypt
Calendar had 12 months of 30 yeas and 5 days were added ot the end of each year that were just party days. They created a numbering system based on 10. had place holders
55
Egypt old kingdom art
Art representation rather than realistic
56
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Not much creativity. Weak pharaohs forced to share power with priets and land holders. Invaded by the Huksos
57
New Kingdom buildins
Luxor, Karnak, Valleys of the Kings and Queens
58
Hatshepsut
husband died, Pharaohs for 18 years,
59
Akhenation
INTRODUCED MONOTHISM, wanted everyone to worship the sun god. Built a new city for that god
60
Tutantkamen
stated his rein at the age of 9. Returned to Karnak, he was nurdered at age 18
61
Late period Egypt
Ruled by outside rulers, little creativity
62
India geography
Settled in the Indus river valley, polytheoistic
63
Indian creativity
Pottery (oven dried) eight and measurments for trade, large cities
64
India Cities
50,000 people, city grid/ size, oven baked bricks, no defense or city walls
65
India as a Aryan/Verdic Society
Dravidians conquired by the Arya
66
Dominant Langauge of India
Sanskirt, and Indo European Language , becuase of the Artans. The Vedas were written in Sanskirt
67
Hinduism
Used the caste system, reincatnation, epic poems, third largest religion in the world (96% of hindus live in India)
68
4 basic Beliefs of Hinduism
1. Karma (the totality of actions is this and future lives) 2. Reincarnation- Living again in another body. 3. All-pervasive divinity- God is not manifest by is a father mother god. 4. Dharma-- there was order given by God when the world was created. The divine law includes respect for all life
69
Hindu Practices
Daily devotional (offering food o the god, prayer, reading scriptures), attendance at temple, Gurus (give direction and interpretation), Cremation (quickly releases the soul)
70
Jainism
History repeats in cycles, non-violence and strict veg
71
4 noble truths of Buddhism
1. suffering is with us throughout life 2. suffering and conflict origincate from craving for pleasure 3. Cessation of suffering (Nirvana) come from rooting out these desires 4. Suffering ceases by observing the 8 fold path
72
Yello River
High silt, unpredictable flooding (the worse of the Meso and Egypt)
73
Situation of China (geo)
yellow river, isolated
74
Shang Dynasty
Chinese Writing system developed (over 50,000 characters, but good literacy requires only 5,000), Horse-drawn chariots, bronze weapons
75
Chinese Writing system
over 50,000 characters, but good literacy requires only 5,000. Pictographs
76
When dynasty were Lao Tzu, Confucius
Zhou
77
Confucius
Born to a family of bureaucrats (minor nobility), received a good education, developed a system of good government which was based on honesty, dependability, hard work, loyalty
78
Lao-Tzu: Taoism
Teachings known as Tao Te Ching or The Way. Nature is the great teacher, by observing nature we can find the correct path in life. Came up with Yin and Yang
79
wu weu
Part of Lao-Tzu and Taoism It means non-action. Abstaining from activity that is out of harmony with the ongoing cosmic process.
80
Yin and Yan
There has to be balance in the world. You cannot be all masculine or all feminine. Part of Taoism
81
Compair Taoism and Confucianism's views on government
Taoism- gov do more by doing nothing. Man's relationship with nature.
Confucianism- Government do more, but do it better. Man relationship with man.
82
Qin/ Ch'in Dynasty
First time that all of China was united. FIrst Sovereign emperor
83
The great wall of China
1500 miles, large enought to march armies along the top. Built by Qin Shi Huang.
84
Qin Shi Huang.
built the great wall and the terracotta warriors. He tried to destroy knowlage by burning books.
85
Han Dyansty
Golden age. Confucian concepts were established. Impearl styled government. Lots of military power. paper
86
Han Creativity
Paper, great canals to link rivers fro trade and transportation, art
87
Ancient Greece Geo
Small, no major rivers, intertile soil
88
How did the Greeks survive?
TRADE!
89
Minoans Infastrucure
Sewers, grain stroage, cooling and hearing systems for the home, palaces had divisions
90
What goods did the minoans trade?
Olive oil, wine, greek pottery, and trade services
91
Thera explosion
May have been what wiped out the Minoans, may have the cause of the plauges in Egypt
92
Myceneans
Greek mainlanders, they dominated the Minoans, they were a more war like people, fortified palaces with massive walls
93
Mycenaeans trade
took over Minoans routes and used military to manage problems
94
Who was a famous Mycenean king that had a epic written about him
Agamemnon, the iliad
95
Trojan War
Fought for trade. We are pretty sure it happened. Subject of the Iliad
96
"Dark age " of Greece
Dorian Inovation. The rise of the greek polis
97
Sparta
War like city, dominated all of the small cities arounf them, boys taken at age 7 to learn of war. no art
98
The ancient greek or formitive period creativity
Greek alphabet, Homer's writings (Illiad and odyssey), Greek relgion codified, morals, scoeince, democracy
99
Greek Alphabet
Had VOULS! Firs one to be fully phonetic deatils
100
Homer
Blind poet who created the iliad and odyssey
101
Epics
Larger than life, long stroy with events over many years, heros are often of the gods, wrestle with problems that are also with life, leesons that everyone in many periods of time can learn form
102
The liad
Interactions of men and gods, last year of the Trojan War
103
Themes of the Iliad
Purpose of life and immortality is achieved through heroic acts (arete)
- Human vanity can pride can be costly
- growth comes form inner reflection
- death can be ennobling
104
The Odyssey
Travels of Odysseus try to get him , tone it lighter, 10 year journey, it is about growing and maturing
105
Theogony
By Hesiod, traces the decent of the Gods
106
The greek gods
Separate race form Human, immortal characteristics, explinatoin for life events and conditions, did NOT give patterns for mortal behavior. Art and literature- methor for finding purpose in life
107
olympics
held in olympia, first event was a foot race, held every 4 years,
108
Aesop
slave. Wrote short stories, attention to ethics, used fables and morals to make his points
109
()Thales
First greek thinker. First philosopher, first scientist. Thought water was the fundamental material. Steer by stars
110
Pythagoras
Inventor of mathematics, created a system for expressing equations, through numbers all truth could be expressed. Irrational numbers are bad. Invented the Pythagorian theorem. Trigonomety. Music based in math.
111
Golden Mean
1.612 discovered by Pythagorus, body dimensions, crosses
112
Draco
Tyrant of thens. Writen laws were harsh but equal. (RULE OF LAW
113
Solon
Father of democracy, Gave voice to merchants and non-landholders. First jury system. FREEDOM OF THOUGHT
114
Persian wars
Revolt of the Ionian Greeks
115
Phalanx
Innovation in warfare. It is the weird square thing with
116
What does Classical mean?
Standard against which others are judged or evaluated, greatest, stylistic form, stylistic periof,
117
Pericles
IDEAL RULER!!! Created an atmosphere where drama art music architecture and literature could flourish. Great public works
Peloponnnesian wars
118
Festivals of Dionysus
Festival for the God of wine
| playwrites submit 4 plays
119
Tragedy (drama)
Invented by Thespis
Most common of the greek Dramas
the change that occurs due to difficulty
not about a dying person
120
Aeschylus
Aware of human weakness. He wrote Agamemnon
121
Sophocles
Tragic Heroes (tragic defects, they are likeable and we feel sorry for them)
INTRODUCED MULT ACTORS
wrote oedipus rex and antigone
122
Euripedes
hated war
| MEDEA
123
Pre classical art Greece
Simple pottery. Geometric designs, perfect semity, generalized for all humans
123
Aristophanes
he wrote comedy
124
Greek classical art
Advances in sculpture: reality, perception of inner qualities,
Art principles: exact proportion
125
Parthaenon
Exact proportions to the human eye
| Floor is concerned two towards eachother
