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Biochemistry > Test1 Prep B > Flashcards

Test1 Prep B Flashcards

1
Q

These are stereoisomers that are non-mirror-image isomers? {{ ______ }}

A

These are stereoisomers that are non-mirror-image isomers? [[diastereoisomers]]

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2
Q

{{ ______ }} differ only in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space

A

[[Stereoisomers]] differ only in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space

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3
Q

If a molecule is {{ ______ }} then we know that the molecule has two enantiomeric forms.

A

If a molecule is [[chiral]] then we know that the molecule has two enantiomeric forms.

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4
Q

These are compounds that have the same connections but different spatial arrangements of atoms? {{ ______ }}

A

These are compounds that have the same connections but different spatial arrangements of atoms? [[Stereoisomers]]

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5
Q

stereoisomers can be either {{ ______ }} or {{ ______ }}.

A

stereoisomers can be either [[diastereoisomers]] or [[enantiomers]].

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6
Q

These are compounds with different connections between atoms? {{ ______ }}

A

These are compounds with different connections between atoms? [[constitutional isomers]]

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7
Q

Isomers can be either {{ ______ }} or {{ ______ }}.

A

Isomers can be either [[constitutional]] or [[stereoisomers]].

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8
Q

In this type of isomer, both the like groups are on the opposite side of the plane? {{ ______ }}

A

In this type of isomer, both the like groups are on the opposite side of the plane? [[trans isomer]]

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9
Q

These are stereoisomers that are mirror-image isomers? {{ ______ }}

A

These are stereoisomers that are mirror-image isomers? [[enantiomers]]

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10
Q

In this type of isomer, both the like groups are on the same side of the plane? {{ ______ }}

A

In this type of isomer, both the like groups are on the same side of the plane? [[cis isomer]]

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11
Q

Diastereomers need to have at least {{ ______ }}.

A

Diastereomers need to have at least [[2 chiral centers]].

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12
Q

In E-Z isomerism, the E means {{ ______ }}.

A

In E-Z isomerism, the E means [[Entgegen]].

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13
Q

{{ ______ }}: SUPERIMPOSABLE, HAVE MIRROR IMAGES

A

[[Meso Compounds]]: SUPERIMPOSABLE, HAVE MIRROR IMAGES

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14
Q

{{ ______ }}: SUPERIMPOSABLE, NO MIRROR IMAGES

A

[[Same Compound]]: SUPERIMPOSABLE, NO MIRROR IMAGES

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15
Q

{{ ______ }} has at least 2 chiral centers that are equal and opposite. Like having a mirror within the molecule.

A

[[A meso compound]] has at least 2 chiral centers that are equal and opposite. Like having a mirror within the molecule.

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16
Q

Do meso compounds rotate polarized light? {{ ______ }}

A

Do meso compounds rotate polarized light? [[NO]]

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17
Q

{{ ______ }}: NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE, HAVE MIRROR IMAGES

A

[[Enantiomers]]: NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE, HAVE MIRROR IMAGES

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18
Q

{{ ______ }}: NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE, NO MIRROR IMAGES

A

[[Diastereomers]]: NOT SUPERIMPOSABLE, NO MIRROR IMAGES

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19
Q

A meso compound is a {{ ACHIRAL / CHIRAL }} molecule.

A

A meso compound is a [[achiral]] molecule.

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20
Q

In E-Z isomerism, the Z means {{ ______ }}.

A

In E-Z isomerism, the Z means [[Zusammen]].

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21
Q

Pairs of enantiomers are discriminated by the labels {{ ______ }} & {{ ______ }}.

A

Pairs of enantiomers are discriminated by the labels [[S]] & [[R]].

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22
Q

The 2 forms of a chiral molecule are called {{ ______ }}.

A

The 2 forms of a chiral molecule are called [[enantiomers]].

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23
Q

Markovnikov’s rule predicts that H adds to the carbon with the greater number of {{ ______ }}

A

Markovnikov’s rule predicts that H adds to the carbon with the greater number of [[hydrogens]]

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24
Q

Oxonium ion is {{ ______ }}

A

Oxonium ion is [[an ion in which oxygen is bonded to three other atoms and bears a positive charge]]

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25
Q

Dehydration is {{ ______ }}.

A

Dehydration is [[Elimination of a molecule of water from an alcohol]].

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26
Q

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & levorotatory {{ ______ }}.

A

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & levorotatory [[enantiomers]].

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27
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 14 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 14 is [[tetradec]]

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28
Q

We can convert an alcohol to an {{ ______ }} by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called dehydration.

A

We can convert an alcohol to an [[alkene]] by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called dehydration.

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29
Q

{{ ______ }} isomerism, which is the related absolute stereochemical description, only to be used with alkenes.

A

[[E/Z]] isomerism, which is the related absolute stereochemical description, only to be used with alkenes.

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30
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 13 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 13 is [[tridec]]

31
Q

{{ ______ }} are also known as alkyl halides.

A

[[Haloalkanes]] are also known as alkyl halides.

32
Q

Addition of {{ ______ }} is called either Reduction or Hydrogenation.

A

Addition of [[Hydrogen]] is called either Reduction or Hydrogenation.

33
Q

We can convert an alcohol to an alkene by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called {{ ______ }}.

A

We can convert an alcohol to an alkene by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called [[dehydration]].

34
Q

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of {{ ______ }} & levorotatory enantiomers.

A

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of [[dextrorotatory]] & levorotatory enantiomers.

35
Q

{{ ______ }}: In the addition of HX (where X 5 halogen) to an alkene, hydrogen adds to the doubly bonded carbon that already has the greater number of hydrogens bonded to it; halogen adds to the other carbon.

A

[[Markovnikov’s rule]]: In the addition of HX (where X 5 halogen) to an alkene, hydrogen adds to the doubly bonded carbon that already has the greater number of hydrogens bonded to it; halogen adds to the other carbon.

36
Q

Which is easier for acid-catalyzed dehydration, removal of a primary alcohol or a tertiary alcohol? {{ ______ }}

A

Which is easier for acid-catalyzed dehydration, removal of a primary alcohol or a tertiary alcohol? [[tertiary alcohol]]

37
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 17 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 17 is [[heptadec]]

38
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 12 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 12 is [[dodec]]

39
Q

Addition of bromine is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, alkenes and {{ ______ }} are colorless.

A

Addition of bromine is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, alkenes and [[dibromoalkanes]] are colorless.

40
Q

Addition of {{ ______ }} is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, alkenes and dibromoalkanes are colorless.

A

Addition of [[bromine]] is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, alkenes and dibromoalkanes are colorless.

41
Q

constitutional isomers are also called what? {{ ______ }}

A

constitutional isomers are also called what? [[structural isomers]]

42
Q

Geometric Isomers are also known as {{ ______ }} isomers.

A

Geometric Isomers are also known as [[cis-trans]] isomers.

43
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 18 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 18 is [[octadec]]

44
Q

If you have 2 ring structures with 2 substituents, 1 ring is cis and the other ring is trans? What is the relationship? {{ ______ }}

A

If you have 2 ring structures with 2 substituents, 1 ring is cis and the other ring is trans? What is the relationship? [[They are diastereomers.]]

45
Q

{{ ______ }} is Elimination of a molecule of water from an alcohol.

A

[[Dehydration]] is Elimination of a molecule of water from an alcohol.

46
Q

the conversion of an alkene to an alkane involves reduction by hydrogen in the presence of {{ ______ }}.

A

the conversion of an alkene to an alkane involves reduction by hydrogen in the presence of [[a catalyst]].

47
Q

The maximum number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule is {{ ______ }}.

A

The maximum number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule is [[2^(number of stereocenters)]].

48
Q

Addition of Hydrogen is called either Reduction or {{ ______ }}.

A

Addition of Hydrogen is called either Reduction or [[Hydrogenation]].

49
Q

DextroRotatory is designated by “{{ ______ }}”.

A

DextroRotatory is designated by “[[(+)]]”.

50
Q

structural isomers are also called what? {{ ______ }}

A

structural isomers are also called what? [[constitutional isomers]]

51
Q

{{ ______ }} Isomers are also known as cis-trans isomers.

A

[[Geometric]] Isomers are also known as cis-trans isomers.

52
Q

A carbocation is an {{ electrophile / nucleophile }}.

A

A carbocation is an [[electrophile]].

53
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 16 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 16 is [[nexadec]]

54
Q

A {{ ______ }} mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & levorotatory enantiomers.

A

A [[racemic]] mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & levorotatory enantiomers.

55
Q

{{ ______ }} is designated by “(-)”.

A

[[LevoRotatory]] is designated by “(-)”.

56
Q

{{ ______ }} strain represent atoms being forced to occupy the same space, which results in a destabilization of the molecule

A

[[Steric]] strain represent atoms being forced to occupy the same space, which results in a destabilization of the molecule

57
Q

C6 H14 has how many degrees of Unsaturation? Don’t use the equation. {{ ______ }}

A

C6 H14 has how many degrees of Unsaturation? Don’t use the equation. [[ZERO]]

58
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 11 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 11 is [[undec]]

59
Q

“cyclic” is pronounced {{ ______ }}

A

“cyclic” is pronounced [[Psych Lick]]

60
Q

Addition of bromine is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, {{ ______ }} and dibromoalkanes are colorless.

A

Addition of bromine is a useful qualitative test for the presence of an alkene. If we dissolve it in carbon tetrachloride, the solution is red. In contrast, [[alkenes]] and dibromoalkanes are colorless.

61
Q

LevoRotatory is designated by “{{ ______ }}”.

A

LevoRotatory is designated by “[[(-)]]”.

62
Q

Haloalkanes are also known as {{ ______ }}.

A

Haloalkanes are also known as [[alkyl halides]].

63
Q

{{ ______ }} is designated by “(+)”.

A

[[DextroRotatory]] is designated by “(+)”.

64
Q

{{ ______ }} is an ion in which oxygen is bonded to three other atoms and bears a positive charge

A

[[Oxonium ion]] is an ion in which oxygen is bonded to three other atoms and bears a positive charge

65
Q

Addition of Hydrogen is called either {{ ______ }} or Hydrogenation.

A

Addition of Hydrogen is called either [[Reduction]] or Hydrogenation.

66
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 20 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 20 is [[eicos]]

67
Q

Markovnikov’s rule: {{ ______ }}.

A

Markovnikov’s rule: [[In the addition of HX (where X 5 halogen) to an alkene, hydrogen adds to the doubly bonded carbon that already has the greater number of hydrogens bonded to it; halogen adds to the other carbon]].

68
Q

{{ ______ }} isomerism (also known as cis-trans isomerism or E-Z isomerism) is a form of stereoisomerism.

A

[[Geometric]] isomerism (also known as cis-trans isomerism or E-Z isomerism) is a form of stereoisomerism.

69
Q

We can convert an {{ ______ }} to an alkene by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called dehydration.

A

We can convert an [[alcohol]] to an alkene by eliminating a molecule of wa- ter from adjacent carbon atoms in a reaction called dehydration.

70
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 15 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 15 is [[pentadec]]

71
Q

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 19 is {{ ______ }}

A

Nomenclature: Number of carbons: 19 is [[nonadec]]

72
Q

Which is more stable? R-Br or R-Cl. {{ ______ }}

A

Which is more stable? R-Br or R-Cl. [[R-Br is more stable, since Cl is more reactive, it’s more likely to run off.]]

73
Q

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & {{ ______ }} enantiomers.

A

A racemic mixture is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotatory & [[levorotatory]] enantiomers.

Biochemistry (5 decks)

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