TEST UNO Flashcards

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1
Q

List and describe the characteristics of living organisms

A

order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing.

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2
Q

Organisms are classified according

A

to shared features

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3
Q

classification systems aim to

A

reflect evolutionary relationships

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4
Q

Classification is based on

A

studies of morphology and anatomy

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5
Q

DNA sequences and proteins are used more often to

A

classify organisms accurately

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6
Q

Define species

A

a group of organisms that reproduce to form fertile offspring.

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7
Q

organisms that share recent ancestors have DNA sequences that are

A

similar and are closely related

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8
Q

binomial systems

A

Genus and then species

it is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts in latin

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9
Q

Features of cells in living organisms

A

cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes (for protein synthesis) and enzymes (for respiration)

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10
Q

main features used to classify organisms

A

Animals, Plants, Fungus, Prokaryote, Protoctist

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11
Q

Main features of organism groups

A

Animals:
- Vertebrates: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
- Arthropods: myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans
Plants
- Ferns and flowering plants (dicots and monocots)
Viruses (protein coat and genetic material)

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12
Q

all cells except prokaryotes have

A

mitochondria and RER

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13
Q

aerobic respiration occurs in the

A

Mitochondrion

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14
Q

define tissue

A

distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products

eg: connective tissue

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15
Q

Define organ

A

a part of an organism which is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function.

eg: heart

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16
Q

Define organ system

A

An organ system is a group of organs that work together as a biological system to perform one or more functions

eg: digestive system

17
Q

millimeters and micrometers

A

1 mm = 1000 micrometers

18
Q

Define diffusion

A

the net movement of molecules using their own kinetic energy from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement.

19
Q

What type of diffusion is important

A

gas and solute diffusion

20
Q

substances move into and out of cells by

A

diffusion through the cell membrane

21
Q

factors such as — can affect diffusion

A

surface area, temperature, concentration gradient and distance

22
Q

Define osmosis

A

as the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher water potential (dilute) to a region of their lower water potential (concentrated), through a partially permeable membrane

23
Q

water moves into and out of a cell by

A

osmosis through the partially permeable membrane.

24
Q

define turgid

A

Swollen or congested

25
Q

turgor pressure is

A

the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

26
Q

Define plasmolysis

A

contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell.

27
Q

define flaccid

A

drooping or inelastic through lack of water

28
Q

plants are supported by

A

the turgor pressure within cells due to the inelastic cell wall

29
Q

Define active transport

A

the movement of ions in or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration

30
Q

protein molecules move the particles across the

A

membrane