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Embryology KCU > Test Two Book Questions > Flashcards

Test Two Book Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which condition is related to paternal imprinting?

a. accessory placental lobes
b. placenta previa
c. oligohydramnios
d. hydatidiform mole

A

Hydatidiform mole

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2
Q

Blood vessels associated with which structue enter fetal component of placenta?

a. decidua basalis
b. allantois
c. .amnion
d. yolk sac
e. decidua parietalis

A

allantois

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3
Q

What type of cells invades maternal spiral arteries and reduces flow of blood from open ends?

a. Hofbauer cells
b. synctiotrophoblast
c. fetal erythrocytes
d. cytotrophoblast
e. amniotic epithelium

A

cytotrophoblast

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4
Q

Which condition of extraembryonic membranes can be found in uteri containing identical twins?

a. Common placenta and amniotic membrane
b. Common placenta and chorion, separate amnions
c. Separate placentas and extraembrhonic membranes
d. common placenta, partially fused chorions

E. all above

A

All of the above

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5
Q

A 28 year old Rh - woman’s second son is severely jaundiced. What characteristics describe her first child? a. male b. female c. Rh + d. Rh - e. Hydramnios

A

Rh +

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6
Q

Why is the human placenta designated a hemochorial type of placenta?

A

Because the placental vili are directly bathed in maternal blood

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7
Q

Through what layers of placental villus must a molecule of oxygen pass to go from maternal blood to embryonic circulation?

A
  • mature placenta: syncytiotrophoblast, basal lamina of trohphblast, endothelium and endothelium of fetal capillary
  • Early fetus: syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, basal lamina, villous mesenchyme, basal lamina of fetal capillary, endothelium of fetal capillary
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8
Q

Why must pregnant women be careful of what they eat or drink?

A

Because certain chemicals can pass the placental barrier and damage the baby

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9
Q

What embryonic hormone has served as the basis for pregnancy tests?

A

HCG

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10
Q

The sclerotome arises from cells that were located in the:

  1. Notochord
  2. Paraxial mesoderm
  3. Intermediate mesoderm
  4. Lateral plate mesoderm
  5. None
A

paraxial mesoderm

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11
Q

The cardiogenic plate arises from:

  • embrhyonic endoderm
  • somatic mesoderm
  • splanchnic mesoderm
  • intermediate mesoderm
  • neural crest
A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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12
Q

An inductive stimulus from which structure stimulates the transformation of the epithelial sclerotome into secondary mesenchyme?

  • Neural crest
  • somite
  • ectodermal placodes
  • embryonic endoderm
  • notochord
A

notochord

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13
Q

Which structure in the embryo is unsegmented?

  • Somitomeres
  • neuromeres
  • notochord
  • somites
A

notochord

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14
Q

The intermediate mesoderm is the precursosr of the ___.

A

urogenital system

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15
Q

What forces are involved in folding of neural plate to neural tube?

A

Changing the cell shape at the median hinge point and the pressures of the lateral ectoderm acting to push up the lateral walls of the plate until they close.

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16
Q

What role do neuromeres play in formation of CNS?

A

Neuromeres provide the fundamental structure of the brain and homeobox genes will be expressed in a specific sequence.

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17
Q

Where do cells tha form skeletal muscle come from?

A

Axial muscles come from cells derived from the medial halves of somites and limb muscles come from lateral halves.

18
Q

where do blood cells first form in the embryo?

A

Blood islands that arise from the mesoderm of the wall of the yolk sac

19
Q

Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to what teratogenic agent during first trimester of pregnancy?

  1. alcohol
  2. aminopterin
  3. androgens
  4. ionizing radiation
  5. thalidomide
A

Thalidomide

20
Q

Which of these anomalies can be attributed to disturbance in tissue resportion?

  • pelvic kidney
  • cleft lip
  • anal atresia
  • renal agenesis
  • amputated digit
A

anal atresia

21
Q

Which of following is responsible for largest percentage of congenital malformations?

  • maternal infections
  • chemicals
  • unkown factors
  • genetics
A

unknown factors

22
Q

Cleft palate is result of defect in what developmental mechanism?

  • Failure to fuse
  • Failure to merge
  • Faulty inductive tissue interaction
  • absence of normal cell death
A

Failure to fuse

23
Q

What molecule produced by notochord is instrumental in inducing floor plate of neural tube?

a. hoxa-5
b. RA
c. Pax-3
d. Msx-1
e. Shh

A

e

24
Q

The cell bodies of motor neurons of a spinal nerve arise from?

a. basal plate
b. marginal zone
c. floor plate
d. roof plate
e. alar plate

A

a. basal plate

25
Q

Infant with tuft of hair over lumbar region of vertebral column undergoes surgery for a congenital anomaly. During surgery it was found that dura and arachnoid layerss over spinal cord were complete, but neural arches were missing, what is the condition?

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

26
Q

Growth cones adhere strongly to substrate with?

a. Ach
b. Laminin
c. Epi
d. Norepi.
e. Shh

A

b. laminin

27
Q

Complete failure of neural tube to close in spinal cord is called?

A

Rachischisis

28
Q

Rhombomeres are segmental divisions of?

a. forebrain
b. midbrain
c. hindbrain
d. spinal cord
e. none

A

Hindbrain

29
Q

Pregnant women first become aware of fetal movements during what month?

A

fourth

30
Q

Rathke’s pouch arises from the?

A

Stomodeal ectoderm

31
Q

Which of the following molecules plays an important role in determination of dorsoventral axis of developing limb?

a. Msx-1
b. Wnt-7a
c. Hoxd-13
d. Pax-1

E. FGF-8

A

Wnt-7a

32
Q

What signaling moleucle is associated wit hmyogenic cells migrating into limb bud from somites?

a. shh
b. bmp-7
c. FGF-4
d. Pax-3

E. En-1

A

Pax-3

33
Q

What is the principal function of AER?

A

Stimulating outgrowth of limb bud

34
Q

In developing limb the Shh gene product is produced in?

a. progress zone
b. region of interdigital cell death
c. ZPA
d. AER
e. Common muscle mass

A

ZPA

35
Q

CT of the limb arises from the?

a. paraxial mesoderm
b. neural crest
c. Intermediate mesoderm
d. somitic mesoderm
e. lateral mesoderm

A

Lateral mesoderm

36
Q

Formation of clubfoot is associated with?

a. misplaced ZPA
b. Defective cell migration from somites
c. thalidomide
d. oligohydraminos
e. neural crest defect

A

Oligohydraminos

37
Q

Satellite cells of muscle are activated under which of these condtions?

a. normal mm fiber growth
b. muscle fiber regeneration
c. muscle fiber hypertrophy
d. all
e. none

A

all

38
Q

Which cellular component of epidermis is peripheral outpost of immune system and functions to present antigens to other immune cells?

a. merkel
b. keratinocytes
c. basal cells
d. melanocytes
e. langerhans

A

Langerhans

39
Q

Which structure is mesodermal in origin?

a. hair shaft
b. mammary duct
c. sebaceous gland
d. arrector pili muscle
e. none

A

Arrector pilli

40
Q

Craniosynostosis is caused by abnormal developmental course of?

A

cranial sutures

41
Q

Which myogenic regulatory factor is expressed latest in development of mm fiber?

a. myogenin
b. MyoD
c. MRF-4
d. Myf-5
e. Pax-3

A

MRF-4

42
Q
A

Embryology KCU (21 decks)

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