Test Two Book Questions Flashcards
Which condition is related to paternal imprinting?
a. accessory placental lobes
b. placenta previa
c. oligohydramnios
d. hydatidiform mole
Hydatidiform mole
Blood vessels associated with which structue enter fetal component of placenta?
a. decidua basalis
b. allantois
c. .amnion
d. yolk sac
e. decidua parietalis
allantois
What type of cells invades maternal spiral arteries and reduces flow of blood from open ends?
a. Hofbauer cells
b. synctiotrophoblast
c. fetal erythrocytes
d. cytotrophoblast
e. amniotic epithelium
cytotrophoblast
Which condition of extraembryonic membranes can be found in uteri containing identical twins?
a. Common placenta and amniotic membrane
b. Common placenta and chorion, separate amnions
c. Separate placentas and extraembrhonic membranes
d. common placenta, partially fused chorions
E. all above
All of the above
A 28 year old Rh - woman’s second son is severely jaundiced. What characteristics describe her first child? a. male b. female c. Rh + d. Rh - e. Hydramnios
Rh +
Why is the human placenta designated a hemochorial type of placenta?
Because the placental vili are directly bathed in maternal blood
Through what layers of placental villus must a molecule of oxygen pass to go from maternal blood to embryonic circulation?
- mature placenta: syncytiotrophoblast, basal lamina of trohphblast, endothelium and endothelium of fetal capillary
- Early fetus: syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, basal lamina, villous mesenchyme, basal lamina of fetal capillary, endothelium of fetal capillary
Why must pregnant women be careful of what they eat or drink?
Because certain chemicals can pass the placental barrier and damage the baby
What embryonic hormone has served as the basis for pregnancy tests?
HCG
The sclerotome arises from cells that were located in the:
- Notochord
- Paraxial mesoderm
- Intermediate mesoderm
- Lateral plate mesoderm
- None
paraxial mesoderm
The cardiogenic plate arises from:
- embrhyonic endoderm
- somatic mesoderm
- splanchnic mesoderm
- intermediate mesoderm
- neural crest
Splanchnic mesoderm
An inductive stimulus from which structure stimulates the transformation of the epithelial sclerotome into secondary mesenchyme?
- Neural crest
- somite
- ectodermal placodes
- embryonic endoderm
- notochord
notochord
Which structure in the embryo is unsegmented?
- Somitomeres
- neuromeres
- notochord
- somites
notochord
The intermediate mesoderm is the precursosr of the ___.
urogenital system
What forces are involved in folding of neural plate to neural tube?
Changing the cell shape at the median hinge point and the pressures of the lateral ectoderm acting to push up the lateral walls of the plate until they close.
What role do neuromeres play in formation of CNS?
Neuromeres provide the fundamental structure of the brain and homeobox genes will be expressed in a specific sequence.
Where do cells tha form skeletal muscle come from?
Axial muscles come from cells derived from the medial halves of somites and limb muscles come from lateral halves.
where do blood cells first form in the embryo?
Blood islands that arise from the mesoderm of the wall of the yolk sac
Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to what teratogenic agent during first trimester of pregnancy?
- alcohol
- aminopterin
- androgens
- ionizing radiation
- thalidomide
Thalidomide
Which of these anomalies can be attributed to disturbance in tissue resportion?
- pelvic kidney
- cleft lip
- anal atresia
- renal agenesis
- amputated digit
anal atresia
Which of following is responsible for largest percentage of congenital malformations?
- maternal infections
- chemicals
- unkown factors
- genetics
unknown factors
Cleft palate is result of defect in what developmental mechanism?
- Failure to fuse
- Failure to merge
- Faulty inductive tissue interaction
- absence of normal cell death
Failure to fuse
What molecule produced by notochord is instrumental in inducing floor plate of neural tube?
a. hoxa-5
b. RA
c. Pax-3
d. Msx-1
e. Shh
e
The cell bodies of motor neurons of a spinal nerve arise from?
a. basal plate
b. marginal zone
c. floor plate
d. roof plate
e. alar plate
a. basal plate
Infant with tuft of hair over lumbar region of vertebral column undergoes surgery for a congenital anomaly. During surgery it was found that dura and arachnoid layerss over spinal cord were complete, but neural arches were missing, what is the condition?
Spina Bifida Occulta
Growth cones adhere strongly to substrate with?
a. Ach
b. Laminin
c. Epi
d. Norepi.
e. Shh
b. laminin
Complete failure of neural tube to close in spinal cord is called?
Rachischisis
Rhombomeres are segmental divisions of?
a. forebrain
b. midbrain
c. hindbrain
d. spinal cord
e. none
Hindbrain
Pregnant women first become aware of fetal movements during what month?
fourth
Rathke’s pouch arises from the?
Stomodeal ectoderm
Which of the following molecules plays an important role in determination of dorsoventral axis of developing limb?
a. Msx-1
b. Wnt-7a
c. Hoxd-13
d. Pax-1
E. FGF-8
Wnt-7a
What signaling moleucle is associated wit hmyogenic cells migrating into limb bud from somites?
a. shh
b. bmp-7
c. FGF-4
d. Pax-3
E. En-1
Pax-3
What is the principal function of AER?
Stimulating outgrowth of limb bud
In developing limb the Shh gene product is produced in?
a. progress zone
b. region of interdigital cell death
c. ZPA
d. AER
e. Common muscle mass
ZPA
CT of the limb arises from the?
a. paraxial mesoderm
b. neural crest
c. Intermediate mesoderm
d. somitic mesoderm
e. lateral mesoderm
Lateral mesoderm
Formation of clubfoot is associated with?
a. misplaced ZPA
b. Defective cell migration from somites
c. thalidomide
d. oligohydraminos
e. neural crest defect
Oligohydraminos
Satellite cells of muscle are activated under which of these condtions?
a. normal mm fiber growth
b. muscle fiber regeneration
c. muscle fiber hypertrophy
d. all
e. none
all
Which cellular component of epidermis is peripheral outpost of immune system and functions to present antigens to other immune cells?
a. merkel
b. keratinocytes
c. basal cells
d. melanocytes
e. langerhans
Langerhans
Which structure is mesodermal in origin?
a. hair shaft
b. mammary duct
c. sebaceous gland
d. arrector pili muscle
e. none
Arrector pilli
Craniosynostosis is caused by abnormal developmental course of?
cranial sutures
Which myogenic regulatory factor is expressed latest in development of mm fiber?
a. myogenin
b. MyoD
c. MRF-4
d. Myf-5
e. Pax-3
MRF-4
