Test Two: Basic Principles Of Antimicrobial Therapy

Question 1

Which suicide inhibitor goes with amoxicillin?

Answer 1

Clavulanic acid–>augmentin

-Amox can also be paired with metronidazole (good for anaerobes)

Question 1

What suicide inhibitor pairs with piperacillin?

Answer 1

Tazobactam–> Zosyn

Question 2

What suicide/beta lactamase inhibitor pairs with ampicillin?

Answer 2

Sulbactam–> Unasyn

-Ampicillin can also pair with gentamicin (an aminoglycoside)

Question 3

What beta lactamase inhibitor pairs with ticarcillin?

Answer 3

Clavulanate–> timentin

Question 4

What are the specific resistance mechanisms?

Answer 4

Beta lactamases, multi drug antibiotic efflux pumps, and transposable elements

Question 5

3 mechanisms for microbial genetic variation

Answer 5

1- Local nucleotide change in the genome
2- Rearrange of genomic sequences
3- Horizontal acquisition of DNA from other
microbes.

Question 6

Types of transposable elements

Answer 6

Integrons, transposons, plasmids, bacteriophages

Question 7

Three mechanisms of genetic exchange

Answer 7

Transformation (Dna from environment)
Transduction (Dna from bacteriophages)
Conjugation (dna from another bacteria via transposons or plasmids)

Question 8

What are the two types of plasmids?

Answer 8

Conjugative can initiate conjugation with tra genes

Non conjugative can only be transferred with the help of conjugative ones

Question 9

Major resistant pathogens

Answer 9

1- S pneumoniae
2- Methacillin resistant Staph (MRSA)
3- Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE)
4- Pseudomonas aeruginosa