Test Two Flashcards
what is a motor unit
neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
what are afferent neurons
enter spinal cord
carry info from PNS to CNS
treatment for PD
replenish dopamine
levodopa
maybe brain surgery if drug therapy does not work
what is concentric
shortening
muscle force greater than external load, against gravity
example of static/isometric muscular contractions
wall sits, planks
what muscle is under voluntary control
skeletal
in the middle stages, more plaques and tangles form and
memory becomes impaired
also form in area of speech and proprioception
most people diagnosed during this stage
what is a cross bridge
when actin and myosin come together to create a power stroke
what age do the number of muscle fibers begin to decrease
after mid 20’s
what are some mild symptoms of AD
confusion and memory loss
disorientation; getting lost in familiar settings
problems with routine tasks
changes in personality and judgement
what is the sympathetic nervous system
supply the heart, smooth muscle, sweat glands
fight or flight
accelerates breathing and heart rate; pupils dilate
AD is named after
alois alzheimer
autopsy on women, dramatic shrinkage of cerebral cortex and fatty deposits in small blood vessels, dead and dying neurons, and fatty deposits in and around neurons
what is the basic unit of the nervous system
a neuron
what is body composition
how much muscle mass in the body
what are some factors in sarcopenia
decreased levels of sex hormones decreased levels of anabolic hormones (insulin, growth hormone) increased cytokine production physical inactivity malnutrition smoking
what determines muscle action
origin and action
alpha two neuron characteristics
small, they dont require a lot of force
when using slow controlled velocities under MVC uses what fiber
both one and two
what is sarcopenic-obese
fat gain
how does motor unit remodeling occur
slower, less force production, less efficient, less precise control of movements
what are antagonist muscles
muscle groups that are opposite of each other
why would fast twitch be recruited last
low intensity exercise predominantly uses slow twitch but when there is an inccrease in intensity forces then fast twitch is needed
what is MVC
maximum voluntary contraction
how to diagnose PD
hard to do bc similar to other diseases
25% misdiagnosed
no adequate blood or lab test