Test Three Flashcards
Types of muscles
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Connective tissues
- epimysium- covers whole muscles belly
- Perimysium- surrounds bundle of cells called a fascicle
- endomysium-thin areolar tissue around each cell
Skeletal muscle parts
Origin- attachment to stationary end of muscle
Belly-thicker middle region of muscle
Insertion-attachment to mobile end of muscle
Synergist
Aids prime mover and stabilizes the nearby joint
Antagonist
Opposes the prime mover
Fixator
Prevents movement of bone
Prime mover
Produces most of force
Functions of muscles
- Movement of body parts in organ contents
- Maintain posture and prevent movement
- Communication
- Control openings in passageways
- Glycemic control/heat production
Hernia types
Inguinal hernia (most common)
Hiatal -diaphragm into thorax
Umbilical -through the navel
Five characteristics of muscle tissue
- responsiveness
- conductivity
- contractility-shortens when stimulated
- extensibility-capable of being stretched
- elasticity-returns to its original resting length after being stretched
Voluntary
Under conscious control
Treatment of athletic injuries
Rice R-rest I-ice C-composition E-elevation
Involuntary
Ex. Heart beat
Motor unit
Motor neuron and the muscle fiber it innervates
Components of NMJ
Neuromuscular junction
Synapse-connection between nerve fiber in muscle cell
Neurotransmitter-acerylcholine released from nerve fiber stimulates cell
For actions of muscle contraction and relaxation
Excitation-nerve action potential lead to action potentials and muscle fiber
Contraction coupling- action potentials on the sarcolemma activate myofilaments
Contraction-shortening of muscle fiber
Relaxation-return to resting length
Twitch
Low-frequency need stimulus produces an identical twitch response
Treppe
Each twitch has time to recover but develops more tension than the one before
Incomplete tetanus vs complete
Incomplete sustained fluttering contractions
Completes twitches fusing to small prologue contractions called complete tetanus
Isometric
Tension, no movement
Isotonic
Shortening and lengthening
Short term for atp
Glycogen-lactic acid system
Long term energy needs
Respiration needed for prolonged exercise. Uses glucose
Fatigue
Progressive weakness from use
Endurance
Ability to maintain high-intensity exercise
Oxygen deprivation
Heavy breathing
Replace o2 reserves
Muscular dystrophy
Placed muscle tissue with adipose
Myasthenia gravis
Antibodies attack NMJ
