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Pediatrics Final Exam > Test Review: Part 2 > Flashcards

Test Review: Part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Wilms Tumor

-Renal symptoms

A
  1. Hematuria
  2. HTN
  3. Anemia
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1
Q

Wilms Tumor

A
  1. Wilms’ tumor is a rare kidney cancer than primarily affects children
  2. Usually manifests as an abdominal mass with abdominal pain and may include renal symptoms, such as hematuria, HTN, and anemia
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2
Q

Wilms Tumor

-Most affected age?

A
  1. Most often affects children ages 3 to 4 and becomes much less common after age 5
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3
Q

Wilms Tumor

-Disease Development & Alternative Name?

A
  1. Also known as nephroblastoma

2. Can affect both kidneys -usually only develops in one

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4
Q

Wilms Tumor

-Patho

A
  1. Tumor begins to grow as a fetus develops in the womb, with some cells that are destined to form into the kidneys malfunctioning and forming a tumor
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5
Q

Wilms Tumor

-Contraindication

A
  1. DO NOT PALPATE THE ABDOMEN

- Excessive manipulation of the tumor area can cause seeding of the tumor and spread of the malignant cells

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6
Q

Chemotherapy

-Side Effects

A
  1. Chemotherapy agents cause bone marrow suppression
    - Institute precautions R/T reduced WBC’s, RBC’s, and Platelets
  2. These precautions focus on preventing infection and bleeding
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7
Q

Meningitis

A
  1. Inflammation of the meninges of the brain
  2. Pathogens enter CNS and causes Toxic response
  3. Increased ICP
  4. Most common infectious process affecting the CNS
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8
Q

Meningitis

-Kernig Sign

A
  1. Pain with leg extension
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9
Q

Meningitis

-Brudzinski Sign

A
  1. Involuntary hip and knee flexion when head is bent
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10
Q

Meningitis

-Dx

A
  1. Lumbar puncture - CSF fluid
    - cloudy with bacterial meningitis TEST
    - high protein concentration in fluid
    - blood culture
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11
Q

Meningitis

-Treatment

A
  1. Private Room
  2. Droplet precautions
  3. IV antibiotics uninterrupted
  4. Start broad spectrum before organism is identified (culture may take 3 days)
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12
Q

Cardiac Catheter

-Post Cardiac Cath Assessment?

A
  1. Bleeding
  2. Infection
  3. Thrombosis
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13
Q

Cardiac Catheter

-Nursing Interventions

A
  1. Lower head of bed
  2. Limit activity for 24 hours
  3. Encourage fluids
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14
Q

Cardiac Catheter

-NURSING PRIORITY IF DRESSING IS SATURATED W/ BLOOD TEST

A
  1. 1st action if the dressing is saturated with blood is to apply direct pressure 1 inch above site
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15
Q

Digoxin Administration

-When to Withhold Medication

A
  1. Withhold med if:

- Infant pulse <70/min

16
Q

Digoxin Administration

-Signs of Toxicity

A
  1. Anorexia & lack of appetite
  2. Bradycardia
  3. Dysrhythmia
  4. N/V
17
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

-Definition

A
  1. Persistent opening between two major blood vessels leading from the heart
18
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

-Normal Purpose

A
  1. Necessary part of baby’s circulatory system before birth
    - Usually closes shortly after the baby is born
    - In some individuals it remains open (PATENT) and when this occurs it is called patent ductus arteriosus
19
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

-Treatment

A
  1. Monitoring
  2. Medications
  3. Closure by cardiac catheterization
  4. Surgery
20
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-Definition

A
  1. VSD is a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart
21
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-Normal Development

A
  1. In normal development, the wall between the chambers closes before the fetus is born
  2. This allows oxygen-rich blood to be kept from mixing with oxygen-poor blood
22
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-What happens when the Hole Doesn’t Close?

A
  1. When the hole doesn’t close, it may cause higher pressure in the heart or reduced oxygen to the body
  2. LOUD HARSH MURMUR
  3. Palpable thrill
23
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-S/S with Small Opening

A
  1. No symptoms because the heart and lungs don’t have to work harder
  2. The nurse may hear a LOUD HARSH MURMUR due to left to right shunt of blood that cause the heart muscle to hypertrophy
24
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-S/S of Large Opening

A
  1. Child may breathe faster and harder than normal
  2. Infants may have trouble feeding and growing at normal rate
  3. S/S may not occur until several weeks after birth
  4. High pressure may occur in blood vessels in the lungs because more blood than normal is being pumped there
  5. Over time this may cause PERMANENT damage to the lung blood vessels
25
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

-Treatment & Management

A
  1. Some close spontaneously
  2. Diuretics
  3. Digoxin
  4. Occluder device
  5. Surgical Patch
26
Q

Lyme Disease

-Prevention

A
  1. Primary prevention of Lyme disease includes:
    - Anticipatory guidance and information about routine preventative measures to avoid insect bites
  2. Tick must be attached for 24 hrs to transmit disease
    - Use insect repellent (DEET)
    - Inspect skin and hair after hikes
27
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

-Treatment

A
  1. The treatment of choice is to ELIMINATE THE ALLERGEN from the child’s environment
  2. If this is not possible, medication can be used
    - Antihistamines or intranasal corticosteroids
    - Decongestants
28
Q

Foreign Body Aspiration

-At Risk Age Group?

A
  1. Foreign body aspiration is seen most frequently in children ages 6 months to 5 years
29
Q

Foreign Body Aspiration

-Stats

A
  1. Latex balloons account for a significant number of deaths from aspiration
  2. Occurs most frequently in children younger than 2 years of age
30
Q

Foreign Body Aspiration

-Pathophysiology

A
  1. Most foreign bodies become lodged in the bronchi (Right side)
31
Q

Foreign Body Aspiration

-Immediate S/S

A
  1. Sudden, violent coughing
  2. Gagging
  3. Wheezing
  4. Vomiting
  5. Brief episodes of apnea, and possible cyanosis
32
Q

Mucositis

A
  1. Oral Inflammation caused by medications, esp those used to treat cancers or autoimmune disease
33
Q

Mucositis Nursing Interventions

A
  1. Avoid excessive force w/ brushing
  2. Assist w/ saline mouth washes and rinses
    - avoid alcohol mouthwashes
  3. inspect child’s mouth regularly for ulcers
  4. At first sign of ulceration, an antifungal drug is initiated
  5. Oral hygiene 4 times a day

Pediatrics Final Exam (4 decks)

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