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Hemodynamic and Doppler > Test Review > Flashcards

Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

Movement of fluid from one location to another?

A

Velocity

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2
Q

Fluid moving with a variable velocity accelerates and decelerates?

A

Pulsitile flow

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3
Q

Movement of fluid from one location to another that accelerates and decelerates w/ respiration?

A

Phasic Flow

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4
Q

Flow pattern seen with normal physiological states?

A

Laminar Flow

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5
Q

Chaotic flow in many directions and speeds?

A

Turbulent Flow

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6
Q

Frictional loss, blood slide along vessel wall is considered what?

A

Heat

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7
Q

Reynolds number, turbulent flow?

A

> 2,000

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8
Q

What the effects of stenosis are?

A

change in flow direction↑ velocity as vessels narrowsturbulence downstream from the stenosispressure gradient across the stenosisloss of pulsatility

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9
Q

Next 5 questions are about hydrostatic pressure?These are all in supine

A

Ankle 140mmHg heart 0mmHg 140 mmHg (140 + 0) Knee ‘‘mid Chest ‘‘Top of head’’

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10
Q

Doppler shift provide info about what?

A

Velocity

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11
Q

Positive and negative Doppler shift?Positive

A

toward transducerreflected higher than transmittedarterial

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12
Q

Positive and negative Doppler shift?Negative

A

away from transducerreflected lower than transmittedvenous

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13
Q

Typical range of Doppler shift found in imaging examinations?

A

Audible20Hz - 20kHz

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14
Q

If the sample volume is deep, the PRF and Nyquist limit is what?

A

low, creates aliasing

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15
Q

Phenomenon high velocity is negative?

A

Aliasing

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16
Q

Five ways to eliminate aliasing?

A
  1. adjust scale2. shallower3. ↓ frequency4. Baseline5. Continuous Wave
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17
Q

Large and small sample volumes, which will fill in on Doppler?

A

Large, spectral broading

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18
Q

X and Y axis on Doppler Spectrum?X

19
Q

X and Y axis on Doppler Spectrum?Y

A

Shift or Velocity

20
Q

Doppler shift inversely related to?

A

speed of sound in the medium

21
Q

What is the basic Doppler system that simple identifies the blood flow of the presence of a frequency shift?

A

power doppler (MW pg 333)

22
Q

Gray shades on Doppler spectrum related to two things?

A

amplitude of reflected signalnumber of blood cells creating the reflection

23
Q

Doppler Spectrum, high waveform is a high frequency or low?

A

?I think this is high freq. because they are directly related (MW pg 308)

24
Q

What is the Doppler Effect?

A

the change in frequency

25
Difference between speed and velocity?Speed
magnitude (distance red blood cells travel in 1 second)
26
Difference between speed and velocity?Velocity
Magnitude and direction
27
Angle w/ Doppler/ No angle?
0⁰: 1.090⁰: 0180⁰: -1.0
28
Primary advantage for a pulse wave Doppler?
select exact location(range resolution, range specificity)
29
Primary advantage for continuous Doppler?
ability to accurately measure very high velocity
30
Bidirectional, type of processing?
Phase quadrature or quadrature detection
31
FFT used in what type of what?
Is a computer-based technique, is use to process both pulsed and continuous wave Doppler signals
32
Velocities that color flow measures?
mean or average
33
Autocorrelation?
digital technique to analyses color flow Doppler less accurate but faster than FFT
34
Limitation to color flow imaging?
?
35
Area of integration in Doppler is called?
Sample Volume
36
More accurate velocity measurement Increased sensitivity low flow
Large Doppler packet advantages and disadvantages?Advantages
37
More time needed to acquire data Reduced frame rate Decreased temporal resolution
Large Doppler packet advantages and disadvantages?Disadvantages
38
How to measure low flow states?
Power Doppler?
39
Inspiration vs ExpirationInspiration
Diaphragm ↓Thoracic pressure ↓Abdomen pressure ↑Venous return to the heart ↑Venous flow in legs ↓
40
Inspiration Vs ExpirationExpiration
Diaphragm ↑Thoracic pressure ↑Abdomen pressure ↓Venous return to the heart ↓Venous flow in legs ↑
41
Venous pressure is low, pressure in veins?
Low
42
37. What happens to shape of veins when pressure increases?
starts hourglass, then goes oval, then to round
43
Hydrostatic pressure when standing
Ankle 140 mmHg, Far below heart level, 100mmHg , 240mmHg (140 + 100) Knee, 140mmHG, Somewhat below heart

Hemodynamic and Doppler (6 decks)

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