Test review

Question 1

Define bioavailability:

Answer 1

it is the percentage o administered dose that reaches systemic circulation

Question 2

What are the factors that alter bioavailability?

Answer 2

• Route of administration
• changes in liver metabolism
• GI motility
• Food And Drugs
• Solubility

Question 3

Define agonist:

Answer 3

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic effect

Question 4

Antagonist:

Answer 4

Binds to receptor stronger than the agonist

Question 5

What is adverse reaction?

Answer 5

Undesirable drug effect

Question 6

Define allergic reaction:

Answer 6

A drug reaction that occurs because the individuals immune system views the drug as a foreign substance

Question 7

Define Cumulative drug effect:

Answer 7

effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of the drug before the next dose is given

Question 8

What is the pharmaceutic phase?

Answer 8

The dissolution of a drug. Breakdown of the tablet

Question 9

Define Drug interaction:

Answer 9

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug.

Question 10

Define additive drug reaction

Answer 10

A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.

Question 11

Define synergism:

Answer 11

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.

Question 12

Define antagonist reaction:

Answer 12

When one drug interferes with the other action of another, causing neutralization or decrease in the effects.
ex: protamine neutralizes heparin

Question 13

Describe the 5 factors that influence a drug response

Answer 13

• Age
• Weight
• Gender
• Disease
• Route of Administration

Question 14

What do you call a substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus?

Answer 14

Teratogen

Question 15

How many pregnancy categories are there?

Answer 15

5 categories

Question 16

What is the most frequent route of drug administration?

Answer 16

-the oral route

Question 17

What are the 4 types of parenteral drug administration?

Answer 17

Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intradermal

Question 18

Define subcutaneous

Answer 18

places the drug into the tissues between the skin and the muscle

Question 19

Define intramuscular

Answer 19

places the medication directly into the muscle

Question 20

Define intradermal

Answer 20

• typically used to administer sensitivity tests

- needle is inserted at a 15 degree angle placed between 1st and 2nd layer of skin

Question 21

Barbiturate’s are what class of drug?

Answer 21

Sedatives and Hypnotics

Question 22

Define barbiturates’

Answer 22

MOA: Suppress the sensory cortex
Use: Sedate, Stop tonic colonic seizures
**Do not use for prolonged period of time for insomnia
Ex: Phenobarbital

Question 23

What are the 6 different types of classes of antidepressants?

Answer 23

• Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
• Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
• Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)
• Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor/Antagonist
• Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

Question 24

TCA’s define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

Answer 24

MOA: Increase level of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting their reuptake; block acetylcholine
Use: Depressive symptoms, Anxiety, OCD
Adverse: Dry mouth, blurred vision, hypotension
Ex: Amitriptyline

Question 25

MAOI define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

Answer 25

MOA: Inhibit the activity of Monoamine oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones. Use: Depression, anxiety, OCD Adverse Effects: FOOD INTERACTIONS, vertigo Cont: CVA disease, Hypertension, CHF elderly Ex: Nardil

Question 26

SSRI define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

Answer 26

MOA: Increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake in CNS Use: Depression, GAD, OCD Adverse: Nausea, transient vomiting's, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, weight gain Cont: Fluoxetine is less effective in patients who smoke Ex: Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, paroxetine

Question 27

What are some examples of an SSRI antagonist?

Answer 27

Trazodone

Question 28

What are some examples of SNRIs?

Answer 28

Venlafaxine | Duloxetine

Question 29

What are some examples of Dopamine/Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors?

Answer 29

Bupropion Aminoketone **used for smoking cessation

Question 30

What class of drugs are Amphetamines' and anorexiants?

Answer 30

CNS Stimulant

Question 31

MOA of CNS Stimulants?

Answer 31

Produces CNS Stimulation by increasing levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS

Question 32

CNS Stimulants define the Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications,

Answer 32

Use: Treatment of narcolepsy ADHD Adverse: Overstimulation, insomnia, tachycardia blurred vision Cont: Hypertension, stroke, Physical dependence

Question 33

What are some examples of amphetamines'?

Answer 33

- Methylphenidate HCL | - Dextroamphetamine

Question 34

What is an example of an anorexiant?

Answer 34

Phentermine

Question 35

Anticonvulsants define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

Answer 35

MOA: Reduce excitability of neurons in the brain Use: Decrease the incidence and severity of seizures Adverse: Steven- Johnson's, hypoventilation, bradycardia Cont: CNS depression, Pregnancy (D), Phychoses EX: any that end in -pam, phenytoin, Ethosuximide, Valproic acid

Question 36

What drugs are found to be the most effective when treating a seizure?

Answer 36

Lorazepam and Midazolam

Question 37

Anti-emetic define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications

Answer 37

MOA: Act on chemoreceptor trigger zone to stop nausea and vomiting Use: Antiemetic, antivertigo Adverse: Drowsiness Cont: CNS depression, alcohol

Question 38

What are some examples of antiemetics?

Answer 38

Ondansetron, Promethazine

Question 39

What are some examples of Antivertigo meds?

Answer 39

- Meclizine - Diphenhydramine - Benzodiazepines

Question 40

Anesthetic define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

Answer 40

MOA: Stops transport of ions across neural membranes Use: Loss of sensation Ex: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ketamine, Propofol, Etomidate (general anesthesia)

Question 41

Ketamine, What class is it? MOA, Uses, Adverse effects, Contraindication

Answer 41

MOA: Antagonist of glutamate ;neuro inhibition and anesthesia, dissociated from the surroundings Use: Loss of sensation Adverse: Increase HR and BP; hallucinations Cont: Increase BP/HR, Schizophrenia, laryngospasm