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Pharmacy > Test review > Flashcards

Test review Flashcards

1
Q

Define bioavailability:

A

it is the percentage o administered dose that reaches systemic circulation

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2
Q

What are the factors that alter bioavailability?

A
  • Route of administration
  • changes in liver metabolism
  • GI motility
  • Food And Drugs
  • Solubility
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3
Q

Define agonist:

A

Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the therapeutic effect

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4
Q

Antagonist:

A

Binds to receptor stronger than the agonist

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5
Q

What is adverse reaction?

A

Undesirable drug effect

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6
Q

Define allergic reaction:

A

A drug reaction that occurs because the individuals immune system views the drug as a foreign substance

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7
Q

Define Cumulative drug effect:

A

effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of the drug before the next dose is given

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8
Q

What is the pharmaceutic phase?

A

The dissolution of a drug. Breakdown of the tablet

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9
Q

Define Drug interaction:

A

When one drug interacts with or interferes with the action of another drug.

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10
Q

Define additive drug reaction

A

A reaction that occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.

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11
Q

Define synergism:

A

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.

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12
Q

Define antagonist reaction:

A

When one drug interferes with the other action of another, causing neutralization or decrease in the effects.
ex: protamine neutralizes heparin

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13
Q

Describe the 5 factors that influence a drug response

A
  • Age
  • Weight
  • Gender
  • Disease
  • Route of Administration
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14
Q

What do you call a substance that may produce physical or functional defects in a human embryo or fetus?

A

Teratogen

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15
Q

How many pregnancy categories are there?

A

5 categories

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16
Q

What is the most frequent route of drug administration?

A

-the oral route

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of parenteral drug administration?

A

Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intradermal

18
Q

Define subcutaneous

A

places the drug into the tissues between the skin and the muscle

19
Q

Define intramuscular

A

places the medication directly into the muscle

20
Q

Define intradermal

A
  • typically used to administer sensitivity tests

- needle is inserted at a 15 degree angle placed between 1st and 2nd layer of skin

21
Q

Barbiturate’s are what class of drug?

A

Sedatives and Hypnotics

22
Q

Define barbiturates’

A

MOA: Suppress the sensory cortex
Use: Sedate, Stop tonic colonic seizures
**Do not use for prolonged period of time for insomnia
Ex: Phenobarbital

23
Q

What are the 6 different types of classes of antidepressants?

A
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
  • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
  • Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI)
  • Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor/Antagonist
  • Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
24
Q

TCA’s define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

A

MOA: Increase level of norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting their reuptake; block acetylcholine
Use: Depressive symptoms, Anxiety, OCD
Adverse: Dry mouth, blurred vision, hypotension
Ex: Amitriptyline

25
Q

MAOI define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

A

MOA: Inhibit the activity of Monoamine oxidase resulting in increased endogenous neuro-hormones.
Use: Depression, anxiety, OCD
Adverse Effects: FOOD INTERACTIONS, vertigo
Cont: CVA disease, Hypertension, CHF elderly
Ex: Nardil

26
Q

SSRI define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

A

MOA: Increase serotonin by inhibiting neuronal uptake in CNS
Use: Depression, GAD, OCD
Adverse: Nausea, transient vomiting’s, sexual dysfunction, insomnia, weight gain
Cont: Fluoxetine is less effective in patients who smoke
Ex: Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, paroxetine

27
Q

What are some examples of an SSRI antagonist?

A

Trazodone

28
Q

What are some examples of SNRIs?

A

Venlafaxine

Duloxetine

29
Q

What are some examples of Dopamine/Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors?

A

Bupropion
Aminoketone
**used for smoking cessation

30
Q

What class of drugs are Amphetamines’ and anorexiants?

A

CNS Stimulant

31
Q

MOA of CNS Stimulants?

A

Produces CNS Stimulation by increasing levels of neurotransmitters in the CNS

32
Q

CNS Stimulants define the Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications,

A

Use: Treatment of narcolepsy ADHD
Adverse: Overstimulation, insomnia, tachycardia blurred vision
Cont: Hypertension, stroke, Physical dependence

33
Q

What are some examples of amphetamines’?

A
  • Methylphenidate HCL

- Dextroamphetamine

34
Q

What is an example of an anorexiant?

A

Phentermine

35
Q

Anticonvulsants define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

A

MOA: Reduce excitability of neurons in the brain
Use: Decrease the incidence and severity of seizures
Adverse: Steven- Johnson’s, hypoventilation, bradycardia
Cont: CNS depression, Pregnancy (D), Phychoses
EX: any that end in -pam, phenytoin, Ethosuximide, Valproic acid

36
Q

What drugs are found to be the most effective when treating a seizure?

A

Lorazepam and Midazolam

37
Q

Anti-emetic define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications

A

MOA: Act on chemoreceptor trigger zone to stop nausea and vomiting
Use: Antiemetic, antivertigo
Adverse: Drowsiness
Cont: CNS depression, alcohol

38
Q

What are some examples of antiemetics?

A

Ondansetron, Promethazine

39
Q

What are some examples of Antivertigo meds?

A
  • Meclizine
  • Diphenhydramine
  • Benzodiazepines
40
Q

Anesthetic define the MOA, Use, Adverse effect, Contraindications, Examples

A

MOA: Stops transport of ions across neural membranes
Use: Loss of sensation
Ex: Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Ketamine, Propofol, Etomidate (general anesthesia)

41
Q

Ketamine, What class is it? MOA, Uses, Adverse effects, Contraindication

A

MOA: Antagonist of glutamate ;neuro inhibition and anesthesia, dissociated from the surroundings
Use: Loss of sensation
Adverse: Increase HR and BP; hallucinations
Cont: Increase BP/HR, Schizophrenia, laryngospasm

Pharmacy (5 decks)

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