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pharmacy > 8-3 Drug Administration > Flashcards

8-3 Drug Administration Flashcards

1
Q

Barbiturates

A

MOA: Depress the sensory cortex
Use: Sedative/seizure
Ex: Phenobarbital

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2
Q

Anxiety Drugs

A 
MOA: CNS Depression
Benzo: GABA receptor (Short term)
Non Benzo: dopamine and serotonin (long term)
Use: Anxiety
Ex: Diazapam (benzo-lam/pam)
Buspirone hydrochloride (non benzo)
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3
Q

Antidepressants

A

MOA: TCA, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, SRI, Dopamine/Norepi
Use: Depressive symptoms, Anxiety(class dependent), OCD, Smoking cessation
**do not mix MAOI and SSRI*
Ex: Steraline
Bupropion

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4
Q

Antipsychotic

A

MOA: Block dopamine receptors, alpha-adrenergic blockade
Use: Acute and chronic psychosis
Ex: Haloperidol
Adverse: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson like symptoms

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5
Q

CNS Stimulants

A

MOA: CNS Stimulant
Use: Narcolepsy and ADHD
Ex: Dextroamphetamine

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6
Q

Anticonvulsants

A

MOA: Reduction of excitability of the neurons
Use: treat/control seizure
Break seizure - Diazepam
Prevent Seizure - Phenytoin

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7
Q

Anti-emetic

A

MOA: Chemoreceptor trigger zone to inhibit nausea
Use: Nausea and Vomiting
Ex: Ondansetron

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8
Q

Antivertigo

A

Benzodiazepines

Diphenhydramine

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9
Q

Anesthetic

A

MOA: Local-inhibiting transport of ions across neural membranes
Ketamine - dissociated
Use: Loss of sensation
Example: Lidocaine

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10
Q

Analgesics

A

Salicylate - Dilates peripheral blood vessels - aspirin
Non-salicylate - Tylenol
nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) - COX - Ibuprofen, Meloxicam

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11
Q

Narcotic Analgesics

A

Use: Short term management of moderate to severe pain
Ex: Morphine sulfate, Codeine, Fentanyl, Oxycodone

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12
Q

Narcotic Antagonist

A

MOA: blocks the receptor
Use: Overdose
Ex: Naloxone

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13
Q

Antihistamine

A

MOA: suppress the histamine induced wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation)
Use: H1 - antihistamine are used to treat allergic reactions in the nose
H2 - antihistamines bind to histamine 2 receptors in the upper gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

Decongestant

A

MOA: Stimulating the alpha-adrenergic receptors
Use: Common cold, hay fever or upper respiratory allergies, sinus congestion and pressure
Ex: Pseudoephedrine

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15
Q

Beta 2 Agonist

A

MOA: Relaxation (dilation) of bronchioles
Use: Reversible airway Obstruction
ex: Albuterol sulfate

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16
Q

Muscarinic antagonists

A

MOA: Bronchodilation
Use: Bronchial asthma

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17
Q

Corticosteroids

A

MOA: suppressing inflammation
Use: Chronic management of reversible airway disease
yeast infection
Ex: Budesonide

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18
Q

Antitussives

A

MOA: Central acting - depress cough center
-Peripheral acting - anesthetize stretch receptors
Ex: Codeine Sulfate
Dextromethorphan
Diphenhydramine

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19
Q

Mucolytic and Expectorants

A 
MOA:
Mucolytic - loosens respiratory secretions
Expectorant ; Raise mucus from respiratory system
Use:
Mucolytic - Bronchopulmonary diseases
Expectorant - Common cold
Acetylcysteine
Guaifenesin
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20
Q

Antiarrhythmics

A

Use : Treat cardiac arrhythmias

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21
Q

Nitrates

A

MOA: Relaxing effect on smooth muscle of blood vessels
Use: angina pectoris
Ex: nitroglycerin

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22
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

MOA: Dilating or increasing the size of the arterial blood vessels
Use: Hypertension
End with - pril

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23
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A

MOA:
Dihydropyridines: Dilators - Dipine
Non-dihydropyridines: Heart

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24
Q

Beta Blocker

A

MOA: Block beta 1 or Beta 2
Ends: olol

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25
Q

Diuretics

A

Use: Hypertension, glaucoma, swelling
Carbonic, loop, Osmotic, Potassium sparing
Ex: Furosemide

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26
Q

Antacids

A

MOA: Neutralize or reduce acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents
Use: Heartburn, Sour stomach, indegestion, peptic ulcer
Ex: Magnesium Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate

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27
Q

Histamine H2 Antagonist

A

MOA: H2 receptor cells of the stomach
Use: Ulcers and reflux
End in - dine

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28
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Use: Reduction of blood lipids
Simvastatin
Cholestyramine
Fenofibrate

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29
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

MOA: Decrease intestinal peristalsis
Use: Diarrhea
Abdominal pain of unknown origin
Ex: Loperamide

30
Q

Antiflatulents

A

MOA: Prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets
Use: excess gas
Ex: Simethicone

31
Q

Laxities

A

Bulk producing - adds bulk and water - Psyllium
Emollient - Lubricate - Mineral oil
Fecal Softeners - Promote water retention - docusate sodium
Hyperosmolar - dehydrate local tissue - Glycerine
Irritant o Stimulant - Irritates - Bisacodyl
Saline - attract or pull water - Magnesium Citrate

32
Q

Protein Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

A

MOA: Suppress gastric acid secretion
Use: Heartburn, ulcers, reflux
Ends with -zole

33
Q

Insulin

A

MOA: Stimulates Peripheral glucose uptake
Use: control type 1 or 2

34
Q

Oral Antidiabetics

A

-Sulfonylureas - lower blood glucose
-Biguanides - reduce hepatic glucose production and increase insulin sensitivity
-Glucosidase inhibitors - lower blood sugar by delaying digestion
-Meglitinides - Stimulates release of insulin
-Thiazolidinediones - decrease insulin resistance
ALL type 2

35
Q

Sulfonamides

A 
MOA: Primarily bacteriostatic
Uses: Urinary tract infections, E.Coli, Staph, MRSA
*hematologic changes*
Ex: Silver Sulfadiazine
-Trimethoprim
36
Q

Thyroid

A

MOA: increase metabolic rate.
Use: replacement therapy for hypothyroid
**Thyrotoxicosis*
Ex: Levothyroxine

37
Q

Male hormones

A

MOA: Aid in the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics like: facial hair, deep voice etc.
Use: Replacement Therapy, breast cancer
gynoclamastia, testicular atrophy, inhibition of testicular function
Ex: Methyltestosterone

38
Q

Contraceptive

A 
MOA: 
-Estrogens-secreted by ovarian follicle
-Progestin-secreted by corpus luteum, by placenta and adrenal cortex.
Use: Prevent pregnancy
Ex: Drospirenone (Yasmine)
39
Q

Emergency Contraceptive

A

-Single dose - one 1.5 mg tablet ASAP or within 72 hours of unprotected sex.

Two Dose - one .75 mg tablet within 72 hours of unprotected sex; second dose of .75 mg 12 hours after first dose.

40
Q

Define aerobic:

A

Requires oxygen to live

41
Q

Define anaerobic:

A

Able to live without oxygen

42
Q

Define Antibacterial:

A

Active against bacteria

43
Q

Define Bacterial resistance:

A

ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the impact of the drug

44
Q

Define bactericidal:

A

Drugs that kill bacteria

45
Q

Define bacteriostatic:

A

Drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria

46
Q

Define cross sensitivity:

A

Allergy to drugs in the same or related group

47
Q

Define broad spectrum:

A

Drugs effective against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria

48
Q

Define superinfection:

A

An overgrowth of bacteria or fungal microorganisms not affected by the antibiotic being used for treatment

49
Q

The effectiveness of individual antibiotics depends on what factors?

A
  • Location of infection
  • ability of antibiotic to reach infection
  • Ability of bacteria to resist antibiotic
50
Q

Penicillin

A 
MOA: Prevent bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for maintenance of the bacteria's outer wall
Use: Bacterial infections
Ex: PEN VK
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/clavulanate
51
Q

Cephalosporines

A

MOA: Affect bacterial wall, making it unstable. Similar to PCN
Use: Strep, Staph
** Gastrointestinal disturbance*
Ex: Keflex, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone

52
Q

Tetracyclines

A

MOA: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
Use: Rickettsia, soft tissue damage, acne, malaria, chlamydial
Gastro, Photosensitivity
Ex: Doxycycline

53
Q

Macrolides

A 
MOA: Bind to cell membrane and cause changes in protein synthesis
Use: Skin infections, Chlamydia
* GI upset*
Ex: Azithromycin
ends in mycin
54
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A 
MOA: Interfere with bacteria DNA
Use: Skin infection, Lower respiratory, STD
*tendonitis, tendon rupture, CNS damage*
Ex: Ciprofloxacin
Ends in floxacin
55
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

MOA: Block a step in protein synthesis necessary for multiplication
Use: Gram negative, Bacterial meningitis
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Neurotoxicity
Ex: Gentamicin

56
Q

Carbapenems

A

MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the PCN binding proteins, which in turn inhibits the final step in cell wall synthesis.
Use: Severe drug resistant organisms
C.Diff
Ex: Ertapenem

57
Q

Amebicide, Antiprotozoal, Nitroimidazole

A

MOA: Inhibit protein synthesis and cell death
Use: Anaerobic infection, Gyno infection Intra abdominal
Ex: Metronidazole (flagyl)

58
Q

Lincosamide

A

MOA: Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in cell wall surface.
use: MRSA, animal bite
GI issues, metallic taste
Ex: Clindamycin

59
Q

Antivirals

A

MOA: Inhibit viral replication
Uses: Herpes, HIV, Influenza
Ex: Vancyclovir (valtrex), Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

60
Q

Antifungals

A 
MOA: Fungicidal and Fungistatic 
Use: Skin, GI
Ex: Ketoconazole
-Fluconazole
-Terbinafine
61
Q

Muscle Relaxers

A

MOA: not clearly understood
Use: Acute painful musculoskeletal conditions
Drowsiness
Ex: Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol

61
Q

Muscle Relaxers

A

MOA: not clearly understood
Use: Acute painful musculoskeletal conditions
Drowsiness
Ex: Cyclobenzaprine, Methocarbamol

62
Q

Corticosteroids

A

MOA: Hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex made from crystalline steroid alcohol cholesterol
use: Arthritis, Bursitis
can shut off pituitary release of hormones
Ex: Prednisone

63
Q

Antimigraine

A

MOA: Acts on intercranial blood vessels and sensory nerves of trigeminal system; vasoconstriction
Use: Migraines
Peripheral vascular disease, HTN
Ex: Rizatriptan (maxalt), Sumatriptan (imitrex)

64
Q

Scabicide

A

MOA: Inhibits sodium ion influx through the nerve cell membrane channels in parasites
Use: Head lice, Scabies
Ex: Permethrin

65
Q

Topical Anti-infectives are?

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Anti-fungal
  • Antiviral
66
Q

Define antibiotic:

A

Exert a direct local effect on specific microorganism ;can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal

67
Q

Define anti-fungal:

A

Exert direct local effect by inhibiting growth of the fungi

68
Q

Define antiviral

A

Inhibit viral replication

69
Q

Antiseptics and Germicides

A

MOA: Not well understood
Use: reduce the bacteria on the skins surface
Ex: Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Hibiclens), Providone-iodine (Betadine)

70
Q

Topical Corticosteroids

A

MOA: Localized anti-inflammatory activity
Use: Psoriasis, dermatitis, eczema
Ex: Hydrocortisone, Triamcinolone

71
Q

Keratolytic

A

MOA: removes excess growth of the epidermis in disorders like warts
Use: remove warts, calluses, corns
Ex: Salicylic acid gel 17%

pharmacy (5 decks)

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