Test Q's Chem Of Life Flashcards
Compounds that have ability to form h bonds are?
Polar covalent bonds
pH is defined as
A value that expresses how acidic or basic a solution is
Where is pH an important factor?
It can be used to be an inhibitor by denaturing the enzyme because it changes the shape
Why can carbon form a wide variety of large and complex molecules?
1-it has 4 valence electrons
2-it can form up to 4 covalent bonds
3-these can be single, double, or triple covalent bonds
4-these molecules can be chains, ring-shaped, or branched
Hydroxyl
Alcohols such as ethanol, methanol; helps dissolve molecules such as sugars
Carboxyl
Fatty acids and sugars; acidic properties because it tends to ionize; source of H+ ions
Carbonyl
Ketones and aldehydes such as sugars
Amino
Amines such as amino acids
Phosphate
Organic phosphates including ATP, DNA, and phospholipids
Sulfhydryl
Found in some amino acids; firms disulfide bridges in proteins
Carb structure
Simple sugars and polymers. Exist in a ratio of 1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen
Lipids
Waxes, oils, fats, and steroids. Fats made up of a glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules.
Proteins
Polymers made up of amino acid monomers. (Amino acid is a central carbon bonded to a carboxyl and amino group, a H atom, and an R group)
4 levels of protein structure
Primary-the unique sequence in which amino acids are joined
Secondary-refers to one of two three-dimensional shapes that are the result of hydrogen bonding. Alpha helix is a coiled shape. Beta-pleated sheet is an accordion shape.
Tertiary-results in a complex globular shape due to interactions between R groups such as hydrophobic interactions, h bonds, and disulfide bridges
Quaternary structure-The association of two or more polypeptide chains into one large protein
Buffers
Substances that minimize changes in pH
Fatty acids
Hydrocarbon chains of variable lengths
Polypeptide chain
Linked amino acids
