Chemistry Of Life Flashcards
Adhesion
Attraction of unlike particles
Specific heat
The amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. (Water has high specific heat)
Cohesion
Attraction of like particles
Isomer
Same formula, different structure
Catalyst
A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction
Substrate
The material of substance on which an enzyme acts (toothpicks)
Activation energy
The least amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
Specificity
An enzyme is specific to one reaction
Lock and key model
Only the correctly sized key (substrate) fits into the key hole (active site) of the lock (enzyme). –how toothpicks fit in hands
Intermediate complex
Substrate is touching catalase before reaction takes place
Polysaccharides
Cellulose-structural for plants
Starch-energy store for plants
Glycogen-storage for animals
Chitin-cell walls of fungus and main component of insect and arthropod exoskeleton.
Condensation/dehydration
Monosaccharides bond and produce water
Hydrolysis
When polysaccharides split up and use water
Function of carbs
Storage/source of energy
Redox
Oil rig-Oxidation Is to Lose Reduction Is to Gain an e-
Carbs classified as
Monosaccharides-1 body (glucose)
Disaccharides-combos of mono (sucrose=glucose+fructose)
Polysaccharides-chains of glucose, differ based on arrangement(form follows function), ex. Oatmeal making, starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
Lipid structure
3 fatty acids+ glycerol (alcohol)
Unsaturated vs saturated
Saturated–no double bonds, max H, animal fat, solid at room temp
-unsaturated–double bonds, healthier, plants, liquid at room temp
Protein functions
1-contractile (movement) 2-structural (silk, spider web) 3-enzymatic 4-storage (store amino acids) 5-transport 6-hormonal (insulin) 7-receptor (membrane proteins) 8-gene regulation 9-defensive (antibodies)
Amino acids form what time of bond
Peptide bond and creates water
Instructions for making proteins
DNA code—-(transcription)–>mRNA–(translation)–>ribosome
Primary structure of proteins
The sequence of amino acids
Secondary structure of proteins
Alpha-helical shape
Beta–pleated sheets
•created by hydrogen bonding btw backbone amino acids
Tertiary structure proteins
- overall shape including interactions btw side chains
- disulfide bridges
- hydrophobic/Phillic
Quaternary structure protein
-overall shape with subunit polypeptides
Sometimes enzymes are not active until they have
- coenzyme (carbon compound)
- cofactor(copper, zinc, iron)
Changes shape so it works
Example of control
Signal–>receptor–>integration–>effect(active enzyme)–>outcome”product”———–inhibitor–>integration
Non-competitive inhibitors
Changes shape–>alesteric
Denature
Destroy because you change shape (poison, heat,pH, light)
