Animal Behavior Flashcards
Interaction
Response to a stimuli from environment (biotic or abiotic)
Behavior
How living things respond
All genes are influenced by:
Genes, development, physiology, cost/benefit, natural selection
What was required for natural selection to happen?
Variation(development, genes, physiology), and competition(limited resources)
Niko Tinbergen ask 4 Q’s
Proximate=causation and development
Ultimate=function and evolution
Types of innate behavior
Simple reflex, instinct, complex programmed behavior
2 types of instinct
FAP (fixed action pattern) closed
Open-can be influenced
3 types of rhythmic behaviors
Migration, circapian, night/day and dawn/dusk
5 types of learned behavior
Imprinting, reasoning, play behavior, habituation, conditional
2 types of conditional behavior
Operant-positive/negative reinforce
Classical-association
4 types of social behaviors
Cooperation, competition, sexual, communication
3 types of cooperation behaviors
Social-within species, coexistence, bees&ants
Altruistic-between family
Symbiotic-between diff species
3 types of competition behaviors
Aggression, dominance hierarchy, territoriality
Fitness
The ability to survive and reproduce
5 types of sexual behaviors
Courtship, cheaters, monogamy, polygamy, polyandry
How can a single gene be responsible for a complex behavior?
Stimulus->receptor->Enzyme so a reaction will/will not take place
Called integration
Mutants
Allow studies to identify genes involved
Knockout experiments
Reveal roles of specific genes
Development and expression of behavior can be controlled by____.
Hormones
Imprinting
Animal learns a set of stimuli during a critical/sensitive period, such as recognition of parents and offspring.
Example of behavior resulting from inheritance and learning
Bird song
Circadian rhythms
Physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a rough 24 hour cycle (physiology)
In mammals the master circadian clock consists of 2 clusters of neurons called
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
Homing
The ability To return to a specific location from long distances
Anthropomorphism
Applying human characteristics to inanimate objects or non-human entities
Behavior is shaped by ____\
Natural selection
Cost
Energy , risk, opportunity
Altruism
Behavior of an animal that benefits another at it’s own expense
Inclusive fitness
Kin selection, eusocial, Hamilton’s rule
Eusocial
A single female produces the offspring and non reproductive individuals help care for the young
Hamilton’s rule
Cost<relatesness(benefit)
Touch
Mechanical sensory
Smell
Olfactory
Kin selection
Cost of helping relatives fitness
Inclusive fitness
Includes related individuals
