Test Principle

Question 1

NADH decrease? (5)

Answer 1

AST,ALT,AMM,UREA
SAL

Question 2

NADH increase? (4)

Answer 2

GLU,CK
LDH
ACET

Question 3

H2O2 increase (Trinder reaction)? (7)

Answer 3

TG
CHO HDL LDL
LAC
UA, CRE

Question 4

Turbidimetric? (3)

Answer 4

UTP, UMA, HbA1c, TDM

Question 5

Colored product? (12)

Answer 5

Biuret: TP
BCG: ALB
Diazo: TB,DB
Ferrozine: FE, UIBC
NM-BAPTA: CA
Xylidyl blue: MG
Molybdate: PHOS
p‑nitrophenol/nitrobenzoate: ALP & AMY, GGT

Question 6

NA,K,CL? (2)

Answer 6

Indirect ISE with C8000
direct ISE with ABL90

Question 7

IMA? (4)

Answer 7

Sandwich: TSH, hsTnI
Competitive: FT4, FT3, B12,FOLW

Question 8

BG? (7)

Answer 8

Phosphorescence reduction: pO2
Spec: METHB, COHB, sO2
potentiometry: pH, pCO2, ICA

Question 9

OSM? (1)

Answer 9

Freezing point depression

Question 10

CBC? (3)

Answer 10

Cyanide-free SLS: HB
Flow impedance: RBC & HCT, PLT-I
Fluorescence Flow cytometry: WNR(WBC,NRBC,BASO), WDF, RETIC, PLT-F

Question 11

ESR? (2)

Answer 11

Photometrical capillary stopped flow kinetic
NOT westergren method

Question 12

AST, ALT falsely low, why? (2)

Answer 12

vitamin B6 deficiency due to liver disease and drugs.

patient often present with seizure & sideroblastic anaemia

Question 13

HK-G6PD vs GOD-POD? (1)

Answer 13

GOD-POD uses release of H2O2 as signal, which can be reduced by ascorbate.

Question 14

TG Glycerol blanking? (2)

Answer 14

endogenous glycerol due to glycerol kinase deficiency
exogenous glycerol in glaucoma treatment

Blanking means reaction without lipase

Question 15

CRE Jaffe vs Enzymatic? (2)

Answer 15

Jaffe 2 main interference:
Positive interference by protein & ketone is compensated by subtracting a constant value

Negative interference by bilirubin is minimized by rate-blanking. Blanking means reaction without adding picric acid.

Enzymatic is expensive

Question 16

Is BCG specific for ALB? (1)

Answer 16

Not really, it also react with globulin at a slower rate.

Question 17

Competitive Immunoturbidimetry vs CE/HPLC for HbA1c (2)

Answer 17

Immunoturbidimetry uses TTAB to prevent interference from high WBC

CE/HPLC can observe peaks to discover Hb variants.

Question 18

Diazo method is used for both TB & DB, how is that possible? (2)

Answer 18

accelerator in TB reagent to accelerate reaction of unconjugated bilirubin, methanol / caffeine & sodium benzoate may be used

Question 19

Why some hospital uses Direct bichromatic spectrophotometric methods for NB? (1)

Answer 19

To minimize interference from hemolysis. Infant are physiologically hemolytic with relative UGT deficiency causing accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin

Question 20

Is high DB = cholestasis? (1)

Answer 20

No.
delta bilirubin is not related to cholestasis but is measured as DB.

Question 21

direct ISE vs indirect ISE? (2)

Answer 21

when TP high, liquid phase <93%, but volume of diluent & consequent calculation would not be adjusted, resulting in falsely low NA. This can be corrected by using direct ISE, as plasma is not diluted before measurement

low NA caused by dilutional effect when glucose is high is not corrected as the low NA is in fact physiological

Question 22

How is HCO3 measured? (1)

Answer 22

HCO3 is calculated rather than measured. The calculation is based on Henderson hasselbalch, by inputting pH & pCO2

Question 23

Why FSC, SSC, SFL can all be measured ?(1)

Answer 23

Lysercell (WNR/WDF) perforate cell membrane to allow fluorescence dye entering the cell, but the cell is still intact so FSC&SSC of them can reflect which type of cell they are.

Question 24

Name 2 enzyme requiring Mg as cofactor. (2)
Name 1 enzyme requiring CA as cofactor. (1)

Answer 24

Mg: ALP, CK
CA: AMY