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Criminal Justice > Test prep 1 > Flashcards

Test prep 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Mala in se
Mala prohibita

A

“evil in itself”
Wrong because it’s illegal

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2
Q

3 main goals of CJS

A

justice
crime control
crime prevention

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3
Q

evidence based practices

A

use of strategies proven to work through research. reduces bias!

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4
Q

resource dependence?

A

all funding from policymakers

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5
Q

sequential tasks?

A

arrest -> trial -> sentencing

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6
Q

filtering?

A

more arrested than sentenced (less @ each step)

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7
Q

% of cases that reach trial

A

10%

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8
Q

% of appeals won?

A

20%

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9
Q

first degree murder

A

intentional, pr3emeditated

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10
Q

second degree murder

A

during a felony

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11
Q

voluntary manslaughter

A

intentional without premeditation

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12
Q

involuntary manslaughter

A

reckless and neglegent

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13
Q

robbery

A

taking through threat or force

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14
Q

burglary

A

entering with intent to commit theft

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15
Q

theft

A

taking anything without consent

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16
Q

larceny

A

taking physical property without consent

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17
Q

transnational crime

A

crimes that cross borders of countries

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18
Q

organized crime

A

offense committed through opportunities created in a legal business/occupation

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19
Q

political crime

A

criminal act committed for an ideological purpose

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20
Q

uniform crime report

A

annual summary of crimes reported to police - VOLUNTARY
collects limited data (age, race & gender)
was replaced by NIBRS

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21
Q

national incident-based reporting system (NIBRS)

A

requires way more information

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22
Q

national crime victimization survey (NVCS)

A

bi-annual survey to ask about victimization
attempt to examine dark figures of crime

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23
Q

classical theories

A

behavior stems from free will
punishment should fit the crime
punishment deters crime

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24
Q

positivist/biological theories

A

behavior stems from social, physical, and mental factors, NOT free will
punishment should be individualized
criminals are biologically different (criminogenic) (born criminals)

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25
Q

criminogenic

A

biologically born criminals

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26
Q

psychological theories

A

emphasizes mental processes and behavior
personality development influences behavior
criminal behavior is understood through type of crime and superego

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27
Q

sociological theories

A

social conditions that bear on an individual as reason for criminal behavior
criminality is shaped by external factors such as age, income, social groups, etc.

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28
Q

life course theories

A

theories that identify factors affecting the start, duration, nature, and end of criminal behavior over a lifetime.
examines pathways into crime and TURNING POINTS that lead people out

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29
Q

integrative theories

A

combining multiple theories

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30
Q

gender theories

A

women commit less crime
society creates differences for men and women

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31
Q

victim percipitation

A

the extent to which a victim is responsible for thier own victimization

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32
Q

victim facilitation

A

when a victim unintentionally makes it easier for an offender to commit a crime against them

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33
Q

victim provocation

A

doing something that incites someone to commit a crime

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34
Q

secondary victim

A

victims who suffer harm indirectly

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35
Q

substantive criminal law

A

law that defines acts that are subject to punishment “penal code”
ELECTED OFFICIALS make these laws

35
Q

cost of victimization

A

tangible, physical, and mental costs of victimization

36
Q

procedural criminal law

A

law defining procedures that CJ officials must follow
decided by COURTS

37
Q

4th amendment

A

unreasonable searches and seizures

38
Q

5th amendment

A

grand jury (due process), double jeopardy, self-incrimination

39
Q

6th amendment

A

jury trial, right to council, attorney (rights of the accused)

40
Q

8th amendment

A

excessive bail or fines, cruel or unusual punishment

41
Q

13th amendment

A

abolition of slavery

42
Q

14th amendment

A

due process, equal protection, privileges of citizens

43
Q

7 principles of criminal law

A

legality
actus reus
causation
harm
concurrence
mens rea
punishment

44
Q

legality

A

there must be a law that defines the specific act as a crime

45
Q

actus reus

A

an act has been commited

46
Q

causation

A

there must be a causal relationship between the act and the harm suffered

the harm is a result of the act

47
Q

harm

A

an act must cause harm to some legally protected value
intent to harm

48
Q

concurrence

A

intent and act must be present together

49
Q

mens rea

A

guilty state of mind (criminal intent)

50
Q

punishment

A

there must be a punishment for those breaking the law

51
Q

entrapment

A

gov. agents cause a person to commmit a crime

52
Q

self-defense

A

belief of danger, warding off attacker

53
Q

necessity

A

when a person breaks a law to protect themselves or prevent greater harm

54
Q

duress (coersion)

A

when someone commits a crime because they were coerced by another

55
Q

immaturity (infancy)

A

Young children have an assumption of immaturity that weakens as they grow

56
Q

mistake of fact

A

mistake based on a criminal act

57
Q

intoxication

A

crimes during involuntary intoxication are excused

58
Q

insanity

A

mental illness prevented intent

59
Q

American policing 3 aspects

A

limited authority
local control
fragmented organization

60
Q

frankpledge

A

groups of 10 families agree to hold up the law

61
Q

slave patrols

A

“patty rollers” organized forces to prevent slave revolts and catch runaway slaves

62
Q

eras of policing

A

political era (1840-1920)
professional model era (1920-1970)
community policing era (1970-present)

63
Q

political era (1840-1920)

A

lots of politics in policing
officers taking bribes
crime fighters and public servers

64
Q

professional model era (1920-1970)

A

influenced by the progressive movement
reducing the influence of politics
main task is crime fighting

65
Q

community policing era (1970-present)

A

moving away from crime fighting and towards keeping order and service providing
community policing
problem oriented policing

66
Q

federal agencies

A

the FBI

67
Q

state agencies

A

full-service departments that patrol highways

68
Q

county agencies

A

sheriffs -> elected positions
rural areas

69
Q

native american tribal police

A

enforce tribal criminal laws

70
Q

municipal agencies

A

police departments of cities and towns -> general law enforcement authority

71
Q

police subculture

A

secrecy
solidarity
social isolation
working personality

72
Q

police patrol

A

preventative
direct patrol
foot patrol
aggressive patrol
community patrol

73
Q

reactive and proactive policing

A

reactive: acting in response
proactive: acting in anticipation

74
Q

hot spots

A

areas with more crime

74
Q

problem oriented policing

A

community problems? solutions?
reducing crime in hot spots
improving relationships with communities
solving more serious crime

75
Q

incident-driven policing and differential response system

A

speedy response to calls

assigning priority to cases

76
Q

compstat

A

police management system to keep track of productivity

77
Q

clearance rate

A

percent of crimes known to have been solved by arrest

78
Q

police corruption

A

grass eaters - taking day to day bribes
meat eaters - looking for bribes

79
Q

internal affairs unit

A

works to weed out internal corruption

80
Q

civilian review boards

A

outside way of weeding out corruption

81
Q

qualified immunity

A

legal protected immunity for gov officials’ actions that shield them from lawsuits

82
Q

Wisconsin’s victims’ bill of rights (1980)

A

first comprehensive victims’ rights legislation

83
Q

presidents task force on victims of crime (1980)

A

Reagan’s task force

84
Q

Victims of crime act 1984

A

cool?!

85
Q

victims rights legislation

A

Wisconsin’s victims’ bill of rights (1980)
presidents’ task force on victims (1980)
victims of crime act of 1984

Criminal Justice (3 decks)

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