test 2 flipped cards Flashcards
Pennsylvania
walnut street prison
1790-1838
separate rooms, silent
first penitentiary
“get tough on crime”
war on drugs
1980-present
crime control model
probation, fines, house arrest, and electronic monitoring
intermediate sanctions
testifies on good character
character witness
attorneys can challenge the bias of jurors (unlimited)
challenging for cause
municipal, magistrate, justice of the peace courts
minor criminal cases, small claims, and misdemeanors
trial courts of limited jurisdiction
(STATE)
police removal of property following unlawful activity
seizure
min & max timee
intermediate sentence
focus on a specific offense or type of person committing a crime
Goals:
case management
therapeutic jurisprudence
problem solving courts
questioning jurors and testing for bias
voir dire process
jury trial, right to council, attorney (rights of the accused)
6th amendment
the first reformatory
mark system: points to reduce sentences
Elmira reformatory
evidence obtained in violation of the constitution is inadmissible in court
(exclusionary rule)
fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
the bill of rights applies to prisoners
cooper v plate (1964)
good time:
time off for good behavior
gain time:
working for freedom
good time and gain time
Cincinnati - 1870
Elmira reformatory
the women’s prison association
Indian women’s prison, 1873
reform institutions
eyewitness account
direct evidence
non-violent, first-time offenders
dorm/camp style
minimum security
things one can infer about
(showing a map or something)
circumstantial evidence
police do not need a warrant for a vehicle if there is probable cause that it may contain evidence, drugs, or stolen property
automobile exception
district, superior, and circuit courts
felony criminal cases, major civil cases, family law cases
trial courts of general jurisdiction
(STATE)
one after another
consecutive sentence
US district courts
major federal and civil cases
trial courts of general jurisdiction
(FEDERAL)
police can enter without a warrant during a chase
hot pursuit
prisoners work during the day
congregate system
repairing the harm done
better for offender and victim
(restorative justice)
restitution
officers may lawfully pat down the clothing of someone when they have reasonable suspicion that a person is involved in criminal activity
stop and frisk
most violent offenders
cells, fences, armed guards, towers/patrols
high security
at tourneys for both sides who produce and argue against evidence to find the truth
adversarial process
US magistrate
preliminary matters and minor federal offenses
trial courts of limited jurisdiction
(FEDERAL)
can examine evidence without a warrant when it is in plain sight
plain view doctrine
excusing jurors without an excuse/reason (limited #)
preemptory challenge
violent/sex offenses
cells, fences, armed guards
medium security
a sum of money decided by the judge an accused person pays to be released before their trial
bail
some of sentence served in jail, some on probation
shock probation
plea deal while maintaining innocence
Alford pleas
temporary detention of a person for questioning or investigation based on reasonable suspicion
police stop
the law determines the sentence
mandatory sentence
Philadelphia society for alleviating the miseries of public prisons - 1787
gotta reform the awful prisons
special knowledge
expert witness
selling prisoners to private companies
new york system
contract system
non-violent
dorm style, fenced
low security
physical evidence
real evidence
firm sentence
determinant sentence
lease system:
work exchanged for food and clothing
worked prisoners to death
stopped with anti-contract law in 1877
southern prison systems
serving sentences at the same time
concurrent sentence
must serve 85% of sentence
truth in sentencing
first penitentiary
Pennsylvania
walnut street prison
1790-1838
separate rooms, silent
gotta reform the awful prisons
Philadelphia society for alleviating the miseries of public prisons - 1787
relevant evidence
demonstrative evidence
eastern state penitentiary
1829-1970
overcrowding ends confinement
next penitentiary
an arrest, search, or seizure can be made without a warrant when there is an immediate threat to public safety
exigent circumstances exception
grand jury (due process), double jeopardy, self-incrimination
5th amendment
leasing work in exchange for food and clothing
south
lease system
eyewitness - saw crime
lay witness
police can forgo Miranda rights if doing so would threaten public safety
public safety exception
a jury which is kept in a private location for part or the entirety of a trial
sequestered jury
next penitentiary
eastern state penitentiary
1829-1970
overcrowding ends confinement
Defendents promise to appear in court
release on recognizance
lay witness:
saw crime
expert witness:
special knowledge
character witness:
testifies on good character
types of witness
