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Criminal Justice > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

cybercrime

A

criminal activity that uses and/or targets a computer, computer network, or a networked device

2 types:
targeting computers
using computers

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2
Q

boot camp

A

short term sentence followed by probation
first-time offenders
intense physical activity

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3
Q

parole

A

conditional release before sentence ends –> spend the remainder in the community

monitored by parole officers

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4
Q

1967 - in re gault

A

constitution protects JV due process

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5
Q

types of cybercrime

A

ransomware
phishing
skimming
check fraud
cyberespionage
black market

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6
Q

alternatives to JV incarceration

A

youth advocacy programs
– rehabilitation services

mentors
– ex-incarcerated individuals

intensive therapy
—family therapy

wraparound programs
– case workers

youthbuild
– construction

restorative justice
– other community programs

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7
Q

ransomware

A

form of malware
extortion locks a computer and & demands a ransom for its release

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8
Q

home confinement (house arrest)

A

must remain inside their home during specific times

can be assigned at any point during the justice process

GPS monitored
supervised by parole officer

daily reporting centers:
living at home
provides treatments & programs
8 hours a day

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9
Q

community service

A

unpaid labor
during or instead of incarceration/probation

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10
Q

advantages of diversion

A

reduces premature involvement in the JV system
avoids labeling
cheaper than incarceration
keeps youth in the community

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11
Q

petition (JV)

A

status offender:
crime was illegal because they are a juvenile

JV offender
committed a crime that is still a crime when committed by an adult

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12
Q

cyberespionage

A

cyber-attack that steals classified, sensitive data or intellectual property to advantage over a competitive company or gov. entity

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13
Q

phishing

A

form of communication sent with the intent of tricking a person into undermining their security

links to websites that ask for information

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14
Q

JV rights

A

education, outdoors time, acitivities, religion, access to families

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15
Q

fitness hearing (JV)

A

determines whether to transfer to an adult system

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16
Q

detention hearing (JV)

A

first appearance
determines pre-trial custody

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17
Q

disposition hearing

A

punishment is determined

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18
Q

JV corrections statistics

A

25,000 incarcerated
625 facilities
average stay: 27 days

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19
Q

forfeiture

A

seizure of property & other assets derived from or used for criminal activity

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20
Q

probation

A

conditional release back into the community under supervision of a probation officer

can be combined with other punishments (shock-probation)

less expensive than imprisonment

21
Q

black market

A

transactional market where goods or services are exchanged illegally

22
Q

diversion

A

redirecting JV offenders through programming, supervision, and supporters

education, victim awareness classes, job training, mental health treatment, etc.

meant for first-time minor offenders

23
Q

first juveline court

A

1899 - Illinois

informal courts
no representation
probation & rehabilitation: no jail

24
Q

check fraud

A

the use of paper or digital checks to legally gain money
common social media scam
60% of all fraud is check fraud

25
Q

first juveline facility

A

1825 - NY house of refuge

reform, industrial, training school

26
Q

restitution

A

repaying the victim

27
Q

adjudication

A

trial

28
Q

types of intermediate sanctions

A

probation
risk assessment
home confinement
boot camp
intermittent confinement
community service
fines
restitution
forfeiture

29
Q

halfway houses

A

correctional facility housing people who serve part of their day in the community

30
Q

juvenile justice process

A

arrest/referral
JV intake
petition
— detention hearing
— fitness hearing
adjudication
deposition hearing

31
Q

arrest/refferal (JV)

A

school refering to the system (school to prison pipeline)

32
Q

disadvantages of diversion

A

net-widening
recidivism
bias

33
Q

JV crime in school

A

bullying and fighting most common
school to prison pipeline

34
Q

skimming

A

stealing payment & personal information using a skimmer

physical or virtual

35
Q

difficulties with reentry

A

adjustment to the world
housing
employment

36
Q

types of reentry

A

parole
halfway houses
furlough

37
Q

JV crime rates

A

JV crime increased in the 80s and 90s
JVs in adult courts
JV crime rates decreased after the 90s
most common JV crime in theft

38
Q

issues with JV incarceration

A

not a deterrent
higher recidivism
impacts on education
impacts on employment
damaging to health
abuse
bias

39
Q

school to prison pipeline

A

policies that encourage police presence in schools & harsh punishments resulting in suspension or arrest
- SROs

40
Q

more juvenile courts

A

by the 1920s -> state had them

they got penitentiaries

super corrupt

41
Q

intermittent confinement

A

jailed on weekends and/or evenings

42
Q

furlough

A

temporary release from a correctional facility for a few days

43
Q

risk assessment

A

determines who is most likely to recidivate & how to prevent it

determines the right amount of supervision and conditions

44
Q

fines

A

money paid to the state

45
Q

JV intake

A

what can happen:
dismissal
diversion
petition

46
Q

decision of juveline trials

A

1971 -> no trial by jury

47
Q

probation officers

A

supervision & enforcement conditions

pre-trial investigation

issues:
huge caseloads
low lay
safety threats

48
Q

delinquency

A

criminal act of a child who was under the age of 18 when the crime occurred

49
Q

biggest ransomware attack

A

WannaCry - 2017

Criminal Justice (5 decks)

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