test 3 Flashcards
cybercrime
criminal activity that uses and/or targets a computer, computer network, or a networked device
2 types:
targeting computers
using computers
boot camp
short term sentence followed by probation
first-time offenders
intense physical activity
parole
conditional release before sentence ends –> spend the remainder in the community
monitored by parole officers
1967 - in re gault
constitution protects JV due process
types of cybercrime
ransomware
phishing
skimming
check fraud
cyberespionage
black market
alternatives to JV incarceration
youth advocacy programs
– rehabilitation services
mentors
– ex-incarcerated individuals
intensive therapy
—family therapy
wraparound programs
– case workers
youthbuild
– construction
restorative justice
– other community programs
ransomware
form of malware
extortion locks a computer and & demands a ransom for its release
home confinement (house arrest)
must remain inside their home during specific times
can be assigned at any point during the justice process
GPS monitored
supervised by parole officer
daily reporting centers:
living at home
provides treatments & programs
8 hours a day
community service
unpaid labor
during or instead of incarceration/probation
advantages of diversion
reduces premature involvement in the JV system
avoids labeling
cheaper than incarceration
keeps youth in the community
petition (JV)
status offender:
crime was illegal because they are a juvenile
JV offender
committed a crime that is still a crime when committed by an adult
cyberespionage
cyber-attack that steals classified, sensitive data or intellectual property to advantage over a competitive company or gov. entity
phishing
form of communication sent with the intent of tricking a person into undermining their security
links to websites that ask for information
JV rights
education, outdoors time, acitivities, religion, access to families
fitness hearing (JV)
determines whether to transfer to an adult system
detention hearing (JV)
first appearance
determines pre-trial custody
disposition hearing
punishment is determined
JV corrections statistics
25,000 incarcerated
625 facilities
average stay: 27 days
forfeiture
seizure of property & other assets derived from or used for criminal activity
probation
conditional release back into the community under supervision of a probation officer
can be combined with other punishments (shock-probation)
less expensive than imprisonment
black market
transactional market where goods or services are exchanged illegally
diversion
redirecting JV offenders through programming, supervision, and supporters
education, victim awareness classes, job training, mental health treatment, etc.
meant for first-time minor offenders
first juveline court
1899 - Illinois
informal courts
no representation
probation & rehabilitation: no jail
check fraud
the use of paper or digital checks to legally gain money
common social media scam
60% of all fraud is check fraud
first juveline facility
1825 - NY house of refuge
reform, industrial, training school
restitution
repaying the victim
adjudication
trial
types of intermediate sanctions
probation
risk assessment
home confinement
boot camp
intermittent confinement
community service
fines
restitution
forfeiture
halfway houses
correctional facility housing people who serve part of their day in the community
juvenile justice process
arrest/referral
JV intake
petition
— detention hearing
— fitness hearing
adjudication
deposition hearing
arrest/refferal (JV)
school refering to the system (school to prison pipeline)
disadvantages of diversion
net-widening
recidivism
bias
JV crime in school
bullying and fighting most common
school to prison pipeline
skimming
stealing payment & personal information using a skimmer
physical or virtual
difficulties with reentry
adjustment to the world
housing
employment
types of reentry
parole
halfway houses
furlough
JV crime rates
JV crime increased in the 80s and 90s
JVs in adult courts
JV crime rates decreased after the 90s
most common JV crime in theft
issues with JV incarceration
not a deterrent
higher recidivism
impacts on education
impacts on employment
damaging to health
abuse
bias
school to prison pipeline
policies that encourage police presence in schools & harsh punishments resulting in suspension or arrest
- SROs
more juvenile courts
by the 1920s -> state had them
they got penitentiaries
super corrupt
intermittent confinement
jailed on weekends and/or evenings
furlough
temporary release from a correctional facility for a few days
risk assessment
determines who is most likely to recidivate & how to prevent it
determines the right amount of supervision and conditions
fines
money paid to the state
JV intake
what can happen:
dismissal
diversion
petition
decision of juveline trials
1971 -> no trial by jury
probation officers
supervision & enforcement conditions
pre-trial investigation
issues:
huge caseloads
low lay
safety threats
delinquency
criminal act of a child who was under the age of 18 when the crime occurred
biggest ransomware attack
WannaCry - 2017
