test: pre-analytical considerations

Question 1

One way a physician evaluates a patient’s test results is by comparing them to reference ranges and, if applicable, previous results on the same patient.
If a specimen has been compromised and the results are not valid, a physician could make a decision based upon incorrect information and thus jeopardize the patient’s care.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 1

Both statements are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following values is directly related to the age of the patient, which must be factored in when test results are being calculated?

Platelet and MCHC only

Creatinine Clearance

Platelets

Hemoglobin

Answer 2

Creatinine Clearance

Question 3

Puncturing the skin releases tissue __________, which activates the coagulation process in the blood drops.

Answer 3

Thromboplastin

Question 4

Dehydration (decrease in total body fluid), which occurs, for example, with persistent vomiting or diarrhea, causes hemoconcentration, a condition in which blood components that cannot easily leave the bloodstream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume.
Blood components affected include RBCs, enzymes, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and coagulation factors.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 4

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

Question 5

A lancet is a sterile, disposable, sharp-pointed or bladed instrument that either punctures or makes an incision in the skin to obtain capillary blood specimens for testing.

True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity can affect test values by influencing the composition of body fluids.
Acute heat exposure causes interstitial fluid to move into the blood vessels, increasing plasma volume and influencing its composition.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 6

Both statements are correct.

Question 7

It is a condition characterized by increased bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of RBCs) in the blood, leading to deposits of yellow bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (whites of the eyes), giving the patient a yellow appearance .

Jaundice

SLE

Contact Dermatitis

Food Allergy

Answer 7

Jaundice

Question 8

1 as the first order of draw while 4 as the last order of draw.
	\_\_\_\_	Blood gas
	\_\_\_\_	EDTA
	\_\_\_\_	Other additives
	\_\_\_\_	Serum

Answer 8

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 9

Opiates such as morphine decrease levels of liver and pancreatic enzymes.

True or False

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Decreased oxygen levels at higher altitudes cause the body to produce more RBCs to meet the body’s oxygen requirements.
The lower the altitude, the greater the increase.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 10

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

Question 11

There is no risk of accidental sharps injury, and no need for sharps disposal when using what type of lancet?

Answer 11

Laser lancet

Question 12

What analyte is expected to be increased in capillary puncture than whole blood specimen using the syringe system?

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

What specimen is the preferred specimen for some tests, such as newborn screening tests?

Answer 13

Capillary blood

Question 14

What do you call the equipment used during capillary puncture procedure which are disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic-clad glass capillary that holds up to 50-75uL of blood?

Answer 14

Microhematocrit tubes

Question 15

The levels of many blood components normally exhibit diurnal (happening daily) or circadian (having a 24-hour cycle) variations or fluctuations.
Factors that play a role in diurnal variations include posture, activity, eating, daylight and darkness, and being awake or asleep

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 15

Both statements are correct.

Question 16

Patients are typically asked to fast approximately 8 to 12 hours, depending on the test.
Fasting is normally done overnight after the last evening meal, with specimens collected the following morning before the patient has eaten

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 16

Both statements are correct.

Question 17

A patient’s gender affects the concentration of a number of blood components. Most differences are apparent only after sexual maturity and are reflected in separate normal values for males and females.
Which of the following physiological variables that are normal values are higher for males than for females?

Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

Red blood and Hemoglobin only

MCHC and Platelet

None of the choices are correct.

Answer 17

Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

Question 18

Which of the following values is normally higher in newborns than in adults? Some physiological functions, such as kidney function, decrease with age?

Platelet and MCHC only

Red blood cells

Platelets

Hemoglobin

Answer 18

Red blood cells

Question 19

Many drugs are toxic to the liver, as evidenced by decreased levels of liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransaminase (AST)—also called serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreased production of clotting factors.

True or False

Answer 19

False

Question 20

RBC counts and related determinations such as hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) have higher reference ranges at higher elevations.
Other analytes that increase at higher elevations include C-reactive protein and uric acid.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 20

Both statements are correct.

Question 21

Levels typically return to normal soon after the activity is stopped. The following are examples of the effects of exercise on a number of blood components:

Arterial pH and PaCO2 levels are reduced by exercise.

Glucose, creatinine, insulin, lactic acid, and total protein can be elevated by moderate muscular activity.

Potassium (K+) is released from the cells during exercise, increasing levels in the plasma. Levels generally return to normal after several minutes of rest. EXERCISE PHYSIOL

Thiazide diuretics can elevate calcium and glucose levels and decrease sodium and K+ levels. Other thiazide-type medications that lower blood volume can increase

Answer 21

Arterial pH and PaCO2 levels are reduced by exercise.

Glucose, creatinine, insulin, lactic acid, and total protein can be elevated by moderate muscular activity.

Potassium (K+) is released from the cells during exercise, increasing levels in the plasma. Levels generally return to normal after several minutes of rest. EXERCISE PHYSIOL

Question 22

Chemotherapy drugs cannot cause a decrease in blood cells, especially WBCs and platelets.

True or False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Which of the following is best for setting reference ranges on inpatients because the effects of diet, exercise, and other things that can be controlled are minimized or eliminated?

Basal-state specimen

Urine test specimen

Fasting blood sugar

Random blood sugar.

Answer 23

Basal-state specimen

Question 24

Chronic smoking often leads to decreased pulmonary function and increased RBC counts and hemoglobin levels. Smoking can also affect the body’s immune response, typically lowering the concentrations of:

immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM but increasing levels of IgE

immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM IgE

immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, Ig E and Ig D respectively

None of the choices are correct

Answer 24

immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM but increasing levels of IgE

Question 25

A recent intramuscular injection can increase levels of creatine kinase (CK) and the skeletal muscle fraction of LDH. Consequently, it is recommended that CK and LDH levels be drawn before intramuscular injection or at least 4 hour after injection.

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.

First statement is incorrect. Second statement is correct.

Both statements are correct.

Both statements are incorrect.

Answer 25

First statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect.